Somaiya Institute Of Management Studies - Free Essay Example

With globalisation with an increasingly inter-dependent world, countries are vigorously pursuing policies to optimise positive factor endowments. The rapid technological changes will reinforce the process of global integration. It is believed that the battles of this century will be fought and won with the power of ideas. Societies will become fully knowledge dependent and promote knowledge based industries. India has an added comparative factor advantage because of a vast reservoir of skilled manpower. The demographic differences reveal that over the next 20 years, India will have distinct advantages in a population profile concentrated in the younger age group, where many opportunities can be optimised. What are the policies that can enable India to optimise these opportunities and what should be done as a nation to turn out to be winners? The All India Management Association (AIMA) had set up a High Level Strategic Group comprising leaders from industry, academia, and the government. The results of the deliberations of the group, involving in-depth interaction with wide segments of society and decision makers, are contained in this report. A task force comprising AIMA and the Confederation of Indian Industry has been constituted to implement the Action Program that has emerged. They had lot of suggestions which have been included in the report. This will enable India to enhan ce its growth, secure additional employment, and maximise the emerging opportunities. Global Scenario: Indian Scenario: Stats Figures Population of India 1.2 billion approx Literacy rate 66% Male literacy rate 76.90% Female literacy rate 54.50% No of schools Primary 8.4 lac approx Secondary 1.1 lac approx No of colleges General 7782 Professional 2124 Funds allotted to education $438 bn Alarming Facts 35% of the population in India is still illiterate. Only 15% of all the students enrolled in primary school reach high school. In spite of new colleges emerging every day, India could offer enough seats only to 7% of the countrys total college-age population. 25% of the teaching positions in India are vacant. 57% of college professors lack either a Masters or a PhD degree. In India it takes 14 different licenses from four mutually independent government authorities to start an average level private school. The Govt. of India has decided in Jan 2010 to withdraw the Deemed University status from 44 well known universities in the country In February 2009, a raid in Bihar found 100,000 fake certificates from 19 fake institutions. Governing Bodies AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) UGC( University Grants Commission) are the two main organizations that oversee the education sector in India. The AICTE was formed in 1945 whereas the UGC was formed in 1953 The main difference between the two is that UGC monitors the funds allotted to the institutes whereas AICTE looks specifically after the technical studies in India. Engineering, MBA and Pharmacy comes under the umbrella of technical education. The UGC conducts the NET exam for appointing teachers in colleges. Role of AICTE v/s UGC AICTE UGC Formed in 1945. Technical institutes are overseen by AICTE Primary function: To undertake surveys in various fields of technical education. Has to answer to the HRD ministry Formed in 1953 All other colleges are overseen by UGC. Primary function: To look after the financial needs of Universities Free to do whatever it likes Right to Education Government of India launched the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)in 2001 which is the most recent initiatives of the Government of India, which presents its guidelines, planning methodology, data on elementary education created under District Information System for Education (DISE). The next step in this journey was taken by the Right to Education Act. By this act, every child between the ages of 6 to 14 years has the right to free and compulsory education. The government schools shall provide free education to all the children and the schools will be managed by school management committees (SMC). Private schools shall admit at least 25% of the children in their schools without any fee. The funding for the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has to come from 65:35 between the centre and states. State governments and the local bodies should come up with primary schools within every one kilometre of area. For children of higher secondary the school has to be within every three kilometres of area. If the above facilities are absent, the onus lies on state government to make arrangement for free transportation or residential facilities to the students. C:UsersVishalDesktopeducation2.jpg Challenges to RTE: * Shortage of funds. * India needs at least 500,000 more teachers to make it success. * There are still many states who are not cooperative in implementing the Act. * Thousands of schools still dont have an adequate infrastructure. * A proper monitoring system to see its execution. The following methodologies have given a new face to the playing field of the education sector. These are elucidated as follows: E learning: E Learning as a trend is set in the West and India is taking up the same. There are certain advantages of this system like, it is self-paced i.e. Learning can be done at ones own pace. E learning can be interactive and the timing and duration of classes is your own decision. This reason makes it suitable for working professionals. There is enough scope of business in developing online learning. In future, there will be high demand for those technologies and people who can develop a multi-lingual courseware. High quality e-learning solutions are being developed and industries like steel, IT, automobiles, cement and telecom are using them. Estimate says that India in coming years is bound to grow in its stature as a hub for e-learning programmes because of IT support and computer education penetrating to the bottom of pyramid. It is imperative that e-learning will dominate as a way of acquiring knowledge in coming years as low cost PC would be available and broadband will be able to penetrate deeper especially in rural areas. Last five years, the Human Resource Development (HRD) has been trying to bring radical change and attain the goal of making primary education accessible to every child in India. The government is trying to bring in as many colleges as possible under the University Grants Commission (UGC). The UGC and AICTE can then push measures to bring Quality. Through the National Mission on Education and Information Communication Technology an amount of Rs 4612 cr is decided to be spent for the 11thFive Year Plan for the scheme with a budget of more than Rs 502 cr for the financial year 2008-09. One significant project aimed at providing all web based training is the National Programme for Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL). It was first conceived in 1999, to set the path for introducing the multimedia and web technologies to enhance learning of basic science engineering concepts. Finally it was launched in September 2006. Major Players : There is a big list of companies who have developed competencies to develop e-learning packages. Tata Interactive Services, Genpact and Binary Semantics are few prominent names. CDAC and IGNOU are two of Indias most esteemed organizations in their respective fields, which have held conferences in the field of e-learning every year. Many private institutes have entered into online distance education. The famous NIIT Varsity is known for offering training to 500,000 students annually across 33 countries. One of the worlds leading management schools, the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, like many others, entered into strategic alliance with NIIT, to offer an executive development programme through virtual classrooms. Challenges However, there is not enough of e-learning courseware that addresses various topics. With the current rate of investment and government support, it will take long to cover significant areas of course material in form of e-learning. The other chal lenge is the classical resistance against the change. Many instructors believe that the changes underway are strictly about putting content online, and they fear that will remove them from the learning equation. This can be compared with libraries being the only resource needed for effective learning in last centuries. VIDEO CONFERENCING Video Conferencing is a fairly new technique which is consistent with the latest technology. Today it is used in classrooms and many educators use this medium to impart knowledge. Video Conferencing is an interactive communication strategy which lets students and teachers have a visual connection with each other, whether they are 5 miles away or across the globe from each other. With the introduction of low cost conferencing systems, carried out easily with inexpensive cameras and low cost or free software, video Conferencing will become more prevalent in the education industry and span across more and more educational institutions, with increase in the spread of Internet. There are many ways in which Video Conferencing might be used in a classroom. Below are some of the ways in which it has already been successfully used for knowledge transfer: Collaborations: VC is used for project work or research collaborations among classes allowing students in different locations to vir tually work together without actual physical presence. Groups Reporting news: VC is used to show current/live events as they happen. Eclipses, cyber events and celebrations such as those which take place during National Science Foundations Science and Technology Week, and NASA space flights have been broadcast so that the knowledge can be shared with everybody. Planning: Workshops can be planned for teachers or a business partner or university students via this medium. A teaching team can be formed with remote teachers and lessons can be planned. Guest Experts: Students have the privilege to listen to guest lectures by scientists, politicians or those with special expertise, by sitting in their classrooms. Distance is no longer a factor in being able to hold a meeting, conduct a discussion or receive feedback on a science project from an expert. Training: Students and teachers have been able to learn to use new software or techniques during videoconferences. Even learnin g to navigate the Internet or create a web page can be done during a videoconferencing training session. Businesses have been able to offer job orientations and training to future employees as part of career preparation activities. Virtual Field Trips: Specific Programs and tours of aquariums, zoos, museums, libraries, hospitals and other facilities have been offered for students. Distance, cost and time factors are main deterrents to students taking a field trip to a location which could enhance their study, virtual field trips using video conferencing can often be arranged. Team Learning and Teaching: Students and teachers can make teaching teams to provide experiences for those on the team. A lot of knowledge transfer can happen from those living in different areas and/or possessing functional expertise. Presentations from various locations made by the teams can be enhanced with the newer features available in some of the videoconferencing packages. Job Interviews: There are some interviews in the initial stages of the recruitment process, for which the candidate need not be present in person because of the availability of Video Conferencing. Using this facility saves the candidate from spending the cost and time to travel to a distant location for the interview. Also, this speeds up the process for the recruiters who wish to interview talent from various different locations but are held back because of time spent in travelling to each destination. Case Study: Everonn Systems India Ltd.(ESIL) 18_1_2009_11_20_9575_logo Everonn System India ltd (ESIL) is giving Education at colleges schools .It was founded in year 2000 by its present CEO Mr P Kishore. ESIL is a training and education company providing a variety of services that include It gives educational and training of global importance; Designs and executes great learning initiatives and Sets up the required infrastructure. With presence in eleven States, over 4,400 Computer Labs and having trained 1.4 mn students, it has built a great brand image of key policy makers for Computer knowledge in Schools and colleges. It has experience of bringing management plans from premier colleges like XLRIs, IIMs, LIBA, IIT, MICA and from working students, professionals all over India. BUISNESS STRUCTURE OF EVERONN Broadly Everonns business can be classified into two Strategic Business Units (SBU): ViTELS Model: Everonn redefined access to education by establishing Virtual and Interactive Learning classroom chain across India to provide quality yet affordable education. This is done by providing training and education through satellite based on Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) . Through these students have interactive sessions with teachers and other students across the country thus truly filling the urban rural gap. Under ViTELS there are 4 different sub units: Virtual Schools (V-Schools). Interactive-Schools (I-Schools). Virtual Colleges (V-Colleges). Retail Outlets. ICT Model: Instructional Computing Technology (ICT) basically operates on a BOOT (Build -Own- Operate- Transfer) basis entering into 3-5 years contract with state government. In typical contract company provides everything from setting up infrastructure to furniture, AC, Faculty education solution to govt. schools. Each school requires 5-15 computers, and the ownership of the hardware infrastructure is typically transferred to the schools management at the end of the contract period. Billing is done to state government typical billing cycle is quarterly half yearly hence makes this business Capital intensive impacts return ratios. MACROECONOMIC FACTORS Ratio of student to teacher is 41 in India which is above theworld average of 27; in such a situation use of technology would be convenient for solving deficit of teachers classroom become more exciting entreating way to learn easily. Everonn is bridging this gap by giving education through virtual learning technique. In India for ICT @ schools scheme63000 are open and out of total 9 lacs Government schools 16300 schools are ICT @ schools so far by organized players, and still ~46697 schools to be included. Private schools are 2 lacs and 80 thousand in India, just 0.80% are covered so far which shows big opportunity everyone would enjoy sufficient shares; question is which company would have fast implementation better content delivery model. ` CHALLENGES FACED AND AHEAD Today one of the major topics of discussion in the education sector is the opening of the sector so that private players can enter in it that can make this field as competitive as any other sector in a free market economy. As we know, healthy competition can help to eliminate incompetent players, while allowing the better participants to succeed by providing top-of-the-line products and excellent services to their customers. We have all seen this process happening in action in other industries, so why is there such a hue and cry when it comes to the education sector? The answer lies in the perception that is there in the mind of the people that education is essentially a not-for-profit arena where the focus should be on social good, not on capital gains. While most private players acknowledge the strong influence of this principle on industry dynamics, the state essentially looks towards government-run educational institutions and not to privately run ones to uphold the social e lement in Indian education and herein lies the rub. It is a fact that India has a proliferation of government-run premium educational institutions like IIT, IIMS, NITS while privately run premium institutes are very few. This is mainly because of a strict licensing policy followed by the government where private players have to meet stringent regulatory measures in order to set up educational institutions that maintain the not-for-profit institutional structure and serves the society. The debate in the industry and, indeed in academic circles, centers around the possibility that this licensing policy might be relaxed to allow private players to invest in education sector. On one side, advocates of the change, such as the noted economist, Kaushik Basu, argue that the quality of education delivered by government institutions is incredibly low and that the entry of more private institutions can help create competition and profitability as well as quality education, thusÂÂ  gua ranteeingÂÂ  an improvement in standards of educational institutes. On the other hand, detractors proclaim that such a move will make the industry a free for all players, with the result that the social need of providing quality education will be ignored in the face of opportunities to make higher profits. This issue of the present standard of educational institutions is a deeper one than it seems to be at first sight. It also involves arguments from both sides that talks about the low salaries received by the majority of academicians which forces them to quit for greener pastures abroad or in private institutions. This in turn has an effect on the quality of their teaching as well as increases the need to set up more technological advanced educational institutions with proper infrastructure and the use of the latest practices in pedagogy. The issue also does not seem to arrive at any conclusion. It is, of course, up to the people of India to decide upon the issue and rememb er that since the ancient university of Nalanda, India found popular recognition from the world in education only after privately run educational colleges were set up in the recent past. The question before us is of prime importance. Does the education industry in India requires more private players?ÂÂ   If this can be somehow achieved,ÂÂ  will it lead to a better and more efficient educational system? BRAND BUILDING: Creating a Brand Value and Proposition Institutes always look for various means to attract students, the question which arises is whether the known marketing principles apply to educational institutes? Is it similar to the marketing of shampoo or telecom services? Usually, marketing strategies and branding principles are universal. One has define its brand, decide what it stands for, articulate and project its distinctive features, develop a brand plan and then implement it. The tricky part, however, is that the creator or promoter of the brand might want to show his product in a certain light but the audience can perceive it in entirely different way. This is especially applicable for subliminal services such as education. An educational brand is defined by several intangible factors like the quality of the education it provides, its faculty, culture and resources available for students. The several other factors are campus size, quality and diversity of the graduating batch and their track record in getting jobs. F or education institutes, the product i.e. the education to be branded is very different from regular consumer product. The relationship between the consumer (student) and the product (education) is predetermined and time bound, and the consumer cannot enjoy two competing products simultaneously. For an educational institute best way of advertising is by the word of mouth. So it is very essential for the educational institute to provide quality education to students so as gain confidence of the consumer (student). It is very difficult to estimate the return on investment on marketing and advertisement of an educational institute because usually in an educational sector it takes around 10-15 years to establish an educational institute brand. Making the Right Noise Educational institutes in India, spend close to Rs. 150 million annually on promotional and advertising activities. According to TAM Media Research, spending on advertisement by the education sector have been increasing steadily over the last three years, with the education sector accounting for 1.1 percent of TV advertising and 15 percent of overall print advertising in 2008. Considering the case of Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM), the pioneer of full page colour ads in national newspapers says it has an annual budget of marketing of Rs. 800 million and concentrates mainly on print ads. According to the Amit Saxena, president, Corporate Communications, IIPM The IIPM brand has been created through smart content-driven advertising. The institute has faced several controversies, the most recent being the nasty blogger controversy in 2005 regarding the authenticity of its claims in its print ads. But according to various experts in case of educational institutes excessive advertisement can also dilute the brand image of the institute. As there is the perception that institute do advertisement only when they are not able to provide quality education and able to attract consumers (students). Whereas excessive advertisement is case of tuition and coaching institutes helps to create awareness and reach out to more number of consumer (students) and provides a platform for coaching institutes to project there past success record. C:UserslenovoDesktop8 Copy.jpg Future of Brand Building in Education Sector Indian education sector is opening up new avenues and opportunities as it is progressing and reshaping itself. Many competitors, multiple opportunities, coming up in this segment. Question arises about building of brand and communicating with students (consumers), attracting talented students to course of their choice. How scenario is going to change of brand building in education sector Medium Existing Way New Way News Paper Advertisement Educational institutes allocates lot of budget to print media based advertisement Target youth of India is moving towards internet, news paper based advertisement is going to get less attention in the future. Seminar, Road Show Institutes conduct seminars in 5 star hotels, seminar halls. Conversion rate is low and student acquisition cost is high in this case. Institutes will start conducting online webinars, online discussions. It will be the way to interact with students Franchise Management Institutes have multiple franchises, training centres to sell application forms. But tracking mechanism, conversion rate of students is missing. Institutes do not get clear picture of pre admission, admission process. Centralized way to track student interaction, student interest, no leakage of revenue in terms of application forms fee. Better student acquisition and huge cost savings. Customer Centric Approach Student as customer approac h is missing in the current context. Delay, misplacement is application form creates confusion among students Institutes would be customer centric. Usage of technology would be high. Prospective students would get better service. Private players in different segments of education sector: Education BUSINESS PROSPECTS There is a good demand for quality education and online tutorial services in India. With good facilities at competitive rates, India can attract more number of students from abroad. Unique teaching methods, educational portals and tools can be effectively used to make the sector useful and profit making. How to educate and train the Indian students and workforce The nature of action required by India Inc. to empower students would involve the following: Investment in faculty and education infrastructure to increase supply of skilled professionals with relevant skills Investment in training institutions to upgrade skill sets of individuals required for remote services Vocational skills Communication (verbal and written) Etiquette Strengthening of the education curriculum to include Practical knowledge Understanding of other countries cultures Foreign language skills Mandatory English language skills Creative mechanisms of funding so that quality education is easily and widely available Standards and bodies to certify skill sets In India, corporates are investing heavily in education sector. This is expected to do benefit to the learning landscape in the country. But there has to be a check that what players are entering the education sector. If there are no regulations in the education sector then a ll kinds of people will try to get into this space. The task for the government is to make sure that India does not have fly by night operators and ensure that the regulatory procedures keep on quality checks from time to time. The government is playing its part by setting up more central universities, more IITs and IIMs. Yet, a lot more work needs to be done to fill the vacuum. And so its a positive sign that the private sector is taking the initiative in this regard. Private players are actively making investment in higher education sector. However, when it comes at the school level, the corporate sector is not much keen to invest mainly because such investments will not yield high profits. Though it is expected that the responsibility to provide quality education in India is largely of the government, we would encourage the corporate sector to look at elementary education as part of their corporate social responsibility plans. The Road Ahead Foreign Institutes coming to India FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES located outside India play a big role in the Indian higher education scenario. These attract many thousands of Indian students to their campuses each year -about 80,500 Indian students enrolled in U.S. institutions alone in 2008-09. Graduates of accredited foreign institutions play important roles in the development of India when they return home. Hence there will be greater opportunities available to Indian students if accredited foreign institutions offered degree programs in India to expand access to higher education to Indian students, by staying in the country itself! The attraction of study abroad for Indian students, as a supplement to the Indian higher education available within India, is bound to continue in the near future also. For most students, the motivation is to attain the best possible education. Competition for admission to Indias best institutions is very intense about two per cent of those taking admission tests for the prestigious IITs and IIMs actually convert their calls into admission. So considering the above conditions, recently Indian Government made an announcement that foreign universities may be allowed to setup their own campuses in India. If this proposed bill is passed in the Parliament then it is going to have many implications on the Indian Education Sector and the students. PROS CONS There would be more choices available for Indian students and they would get a direct access to foreign universities at the local level. Studying in a Foreign Institute would increase the overall cost of education thereby making it more difficult for all to get admission. At this stage, Indians need more quality education at an affordable rate. Because of the increased competition with Foreign Institutes, quality of education offered by Indian Institutes will also be better. There is already a scarcity of qualified teachers for the existing Indian Institutes. The gap of qualified teachers and teache r to student ratio must be addressed and foreign institutes may not address this immediately. Currently only well off students can afford better quality education abroad. This trend can be expected to change if foreign institutes set up base in India. Infrastructure for Foreign Institutes must be addressed in India. If foreign institutes set up base here in India, India may attract more students from Middle East, Far East etc. This could bring in more income for the country. This may also lead to more students coming to India thereby increasing the existing competition for Indian students. According to industry body ASSOCHAM, the education sector (along with the healthcare and FMCG sectors) will grow at healthy rates in 2010. The industry body said that the investments by citizens on education would continue to increase to ensure growth for their dependents and wards. The Centre plans to permit the private sector to establish educational institutions and access the capital market, as a way of addressing the aspect of funding in the education centre. The government has finalized the sharing of funds-for implementing The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (the law making education a fundamental right)-between the Centre and the states, in the ratio of 65 to 35. With the Government showing a clear willingness to engage the private sector in accomplishing the daunting task of educating Indias13.5cr students, there are thus significant opportunities to tap for companies like Educomp Solutions, Everonn Systems India and NIIT Limited, both in the Government schools and Private schools businesses. With increasing demand for skilled human resources also in sectors like Financial Services, there exist great opportunities for growth in the Corporate Training business programs.

Tanglewood Case 5 Disparate Impact Analysis - Free Essay Example

Tanglewood Case 5: Disparate Impact Analysis Recruitment and Selection HRM 450 Current Needs Assessment Tanglewood prides itself on encouragement of diversity in the workplace. All hiring and promotion decisions should be made on the basis of character and quality of work. The ensuing lawsuit brings about a need to analyze Tanglewood’s selection strategies to ensure these practices are not hindering the promotion of diversity. In order to do this, it is necessary to study the flow and concentration statistics of the organization. Flow statistics are calculated by comparing the number of people hired and promoted in the organization with the total number of people that apply. These statistics are then divided into different groups (i. e. race, gender). The selection rates of the different groups are compared to determine if there is a significant difference in selection between the groups. An example of this would be to look at the number of total white applicants and the percentage of those applicants that were hired. Then, look at the total number of African American applicants and the percentage of those applicants that were hired. These two percentages must then be compared. A useful comparison of these percentages would require that the number of African Americans selected equal 80% or the number of white employees hired. This is known as the four-fifth’s rule. The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (UGESP) requires that all organizations keep records that will allow for calculation and comparison of these statistics. The UGESP also requires that the four-fifth’s rule be calculated in all organizations. If is it shown that â€Å"a selection rate for any†¦group is less than four-fifths (4/5) (or eighty percent) of the rate of for the group with the highest rate† then this will usually be considered to be evidence of adverse impact. Adverse (or disparate) impact occurs when staffing practices have potential discriminatory impact on individuals because of sex, race, religion, disability, national origin or age. Although the four-fifths rule is really nly a guideline, any digression from this rule should be thoroughly examined. It is also important to note that although the discrimination is not intentional, it may be occurring all the same and could possibly be deemed illegal. Along with the flow statistics of the selection processes in the organization, it is necessary to examine the concentration statistics among different groups in Tanglewood. Concentration statistics inspect th e total number of individuals employed in a certain position as compared to the number of individuals from different race groups employed in a certain position. For example, it is useful to look at the percentage of white employees employed in the position of Store Manager compared to the total number of Store Managers. Then, look at the percentage of African Americans employed in the Store Manager position compared to the total number of Store Managers. Also, it is useful to examine the percentage of African American employees employed in upper management positions as compared to the percentage of African Americans employed in the lower positions such as Store Associate. Although there are no specific legal guidelines for the analysis of concentration statistics, it is important to explore them as a means of determining any possible unintentional discrimination in selection practices. Current Organizational Statistics After careful examination of the Tanglewood’s flow statistics, there is evidence this organization may be involved in selection practices that have disparate impact on some minority groups. The following selection statistics are provided to show instances of violation of the four-fifths rule. Store AssociatesTotal WhiteTotal Non-WhiteAfrican-American Selection Ratio23. 0%22. 79%24. 00%24. 00% Shift LeaderTotalWhiteTotal Non-WhiteAfrican-America External15. 88%16. 31%13. 88%5. 88% (36%) Internal31. 65%32. 45%28. 03%13. 89% (42%) Dept. ManagerTotal WhiteTotal Non-WhiteAfrican-American External7. 57%7. 64%7. 14%6. 82% Internal21. 05%21. 22%20%14. 29% (67%) Asst. Store ManagerTotalWhiteTotal Non-WhiteAfrican- American External11. 11% 13. 33%0% (0%)0% (0%) Internal25. 00%27. 78%11. 11% (40%)25% Store ManagerTotalWhiteTotal Non-WhiteAfrican- American External10. 42%7. 69%22. 22%0% (0%) Internal16. 05%13. 64%26. 67%0% (0%) The selection rates of each category (white, non-white, etc†¦) are indicated in the column corresponding to whether the employees were hired from outside the organization (external) or promoted from within (internal). In order to calculate the four-fifth’s rule, it is necessary to examine these percentages. The first step is to divide the selection ratio of the minority group by the selection ratio of the majority group. For example, in order examine the four-fifth’s rule in regards to African American employees hired externally in the Shift Leader position, divide that selection ratio (5. 8%) by the selection ratio of white employees hired externally to the same position (16. 31%). .0588 ? .1631 = . 36 This indicates that the number of African Americans hired externally for the Shift Leader position is only 36% of the amount of white individuals hired externally for the same position. The number should be around 80% in order to fulfill the four-fifth’s rule . In performing these calculations across all positions, there is evidence that points to disparate impact throughout several positions. The instances in which disparate impact evidence is present are represented in the preceding chart. The percentage in parentheses beside the selection ratio is the percentage obtained by applying the four-fifth’s rule. The four-fifth’s rule was not satisfied for African Americans hired both externally and internally for the Shift Leader position. It was also not fulfilled for African Americans in the position of Department Managers hired internally. The Assistant Store Manager position showed disparate impact evidence for both African Americans and Non-White employees. The Store Manager position had no African Americans filling these positions. It is important to note that the terms ‘white’ and ‘African-American’ refer to employees that are Non-Hispanic. The computations for concentration statistics also indicate there may be unintentional discrimination occurring in the promotion practices of the Tanglewood organization. There seems to be a much higher concentration of white employees in the upper management positions as compared to African Americans in upper management. The concentration of certain classes is computed by dividing the number of persons in a certain class for any position by the total number of individuals employed in that position. For example, the percentage of Shift Leaders that are African American is 1. 81%. This can be compared to the percentage of Shift Leaders that are white, which is 84. 06%. It is also useful to compare percentages of lower level employees that African American to the number of upper level employees that are African American. In the following charts, these numbers have been calculated: Store AssociatesWhiteNon-WhiteAfrican American 83. 59%16. 41%3. 44% Shift Leader WhiteNon-WhiteAfrican-American 84. 06%15. 94%1. 81% Asst. Store ManagerWhiteNon-WhiteAfrican-American 92. 75%7. 25%2. 9% Store ManagerWhiteNon-WhiteAfrican-American 69. 57%30. 43%0% Total StoreWhiteNon-WhiteAfrican-American 84. 11%15. 89%3. 06% This table indicates that there are serious deficiencies of African-American workers in the upper level management positions at Tanglewood. Again, though there are no specific legal guidelines regarding concentration statistics, it would be in Tanglewood’s own best interest to investigate the cause of these discrepancies. It appears as though the organization should look into not only its initial selection strategies, but also the promotion practices used. Addressing Eaglette-Schubert According to the information presented in the case, Eaglette-Schubert is building a case against Tanglewood based on disparate impact. There are very few details of specific actions or behaviors that would suggest that Tanglewood is intentionally discriminating against minority employees. However, since Eaglette-Schubert is not arguing disparate treatment, but is arguing disparate impact, there is no need to prove that the discrimination was intentional, but simply that a difference exists between employment practices for majority groups and those in protected classes. Eaglette-Schubert is using the argument of homophily to base the disparate impact case on. Homophily is the phenomenon in which people seek to be around those people that are similar to themselves. It is often argued that companies are more prone to homophily in social networks when there is a heavy reliance on internal company networks, such as that of Tanglewood. An internal network is utilized at Tanglewood to find new employees through employee referrals, and to promote individuals within the organization. Promotion within the organization involves managers encouraging certain employees that show promise to apply for available promotions, and those that are recommended by supervisors have a strong advantage over those that do not. The argument is that this internal network process is closed to minority groups because of the concept of homophily in social networks. The statistics point to Tanglewood having disparate impact discrimination for African Americans in the positions of shift leader, department manager, assistant store manager and store manager. In court Tanglewood would have the burden of proof that its practices are job related and consistent with business necessity. Since this will be hard to prove, as other selection methods could be used in the place of the current discriminatory methods. As a result, Tanglewood should try to end the dispute through a consent decree. A consent decree is a voluntary, court-approved agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant. This decree may contain an agreement to alt certain discriminatory practice and an agreement to employ certain remedies. Tanglewood should also establish goals for future hiring and promotion activities to correct the underutilization. By seeking an out of court settlement, Tanglewood will decrease the amount of publicity and attention that this situation will cause. Written Statement for Tanglewood to Make It is important for Tanglewood to carefully consider any statement that is going to be put in writing because it could serve as evidence in court. Tanglewood should state that the company is committed to the openness, inclusiveness, and encouragement of diversity within the organization. It should be mentioned that Tanner Emerson and Thurston Wood tried to build the company on a model of inclusiveness, which judges individuals solely on the basis of work and character. Finally, Tanglewood should state that the company wants to take any possible steps to ensure that the company is not employing any practices that defy the goal of embracing diversity within the organization. Putting the organization’s commitment to diversity into writing may not help with the case of disparate impact, but it will let the employees and the general public know of Tanglewood’s sincere dedication to have a diverse workforce. Achieving EEO Outcomes In order to better achieve EEO outcomes in the future, Tanglewood should make some changes to its recruiting procedures. This can be achieved by implementing a strategy that incorporates all of the following aspects: Study – know the laws and standards, remove barriers to EEO, identify technical assistance prospects. The laws that Tanglewood should follow are: †¢Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; †¢The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), which protects men and women who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment from sex-based wage discrimination; †¢The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older; †¢Title I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), hich prohibit employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in the private sector, and in state and local governments; †¢Sections 501 and 505 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibit discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities who work in the federal government; and †¢The Civil Rights Act of 1991, which, among other things, provides monetary damages i n cases of intentional employment discrimination. Plan – formulate strategies for successful EEO results. Tanglewood could utilize a plan that is used by GTE, in which it targets activities such as career fairs and open houses where a diverse student population is key factor. Tanglewood could also use a strategy done by PriceWaterhouse, which recruits woman and people of color from approximately 250 colleges and universities throughout the country. PriceWaterhouse also forms partnerships with organizations and programs committed to supporting diversity. Lead – have senior, middle, and lower management champion the cause and provide actual leadership for implementation. Tanglewood needs to make sure that management is committed to supporting diversity so that they know how to get the rest of the company on board. Tanglewood could implement a strategy by Turner Construction, in which it puts forth effort into developing a future recruitment resource pool through its mentor/mentee program. This shows that the company is committed to diversity even in the long run and Tanglewood’s management should implement this strategy in order to make sure that the company is always committed to diversity. Encourage – identify and reward proper actions by managers, supervisors, and employees. After Tanglewood’s management gets the rest of the company on board with being committed to diversity, they can continue to develop this by rewarding employees who show they are committed to supporting diversity. For example, GTE gives bonuses for referrals that result in hire. Notice – take notice of the impact of your practices, monitor and assess progress, ensure that unfairness does not occur. Tanglewood always need to evaluate its methods so that the company is always pursuing diversity. It could implement a plan by GTE in which its’ multifaceted professional recruitment strategy in assessed annually. No matter how often the assessment is performed, it is a necessity to make sure Tanglewood’s recruiting methods are always supporting diversity. Discussion – communicate and reinforce the EEO message. Tanglewood should always be able to effectively communicate its vision in being committed to diversity. For example, GTE gives out monthly reports made of progress and results. As long as Tanglewood employees always know what’s going on in the company, they will feel valued and will be loyal to the company. Inclusion – bring all employees and groups into the process. This again goes along with effectively communicating. Tanglewood should implement a team environment so that everyone is working together toward the common goal of being committed to diversity. Dedication – assign needed resources, do not be afraid of bumps on the road. Tanglewood should be able to look to the future and anticipate problems so that it will know how to fix them in order to stay in accordance with EEO laws. Promotion and Career Development Procedures From the beginning, the Tanglewood culture has emphasized strong employee participation. Tanglewood believes in a workforce of committed, qualified individuals who will help carry the Tanglewood philosophy into the future. All employees are part of the core work force because Tanglewood believes a core work force is essential for the organization’s values and culture that it seeks to develop and maintain. Because of Tanglewood’s desire to maintain a core work force, it has been more inclined to promote and develop internally. Any company that focuses largely on internal promotion and development runs the risk of furthering any disparate impact that may already exist within the company. Therefore, Tanglewood should focus on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s â€Å"Best Practices† list. This list was compiled after looking at many organizations and from them identifying the best practices of promotion and development for equal employment opportunity. Some changes Tanglewood can make to its promotion and development procedures are: †¢Revise its job posting policy—since Tanglewood consistently hires from within, the company needs to clearly state in its job posting policy that diversity is a consideration when filling jobs and will remain an important factor in workforce selection. This will let current employees know that the company is trying to correct and prevent future disparate impact upon minorities and that in order to do that, it may need to hire externally even though it had always hired from within. It is important to let the current employees know the reasoning behind changing he internal promotion method. The employees need to except the change, and in order to accept it, they must understand it. †¢Develop career development programs—these programs could aide the employees in reaching his or her full career potential by seeking out and eliminating any potential barriers to equal employment oppor tunities that may exist. †¢Training and development programs—these would be programs that would educate the employees on computers and information systems, as well as industry training. By educating all employees, this would limit the potential for disparate impact that a protected class might face. Employee development programs—these programs would cover executive training, diversity training, management development courses, team building, and conflict resolution classes. These programs would encourage the development and sensitivity to diversity within the organization by training all employees on the importance of diversity and how to manage it. Disparate impact is a serious problem within organizations that needs to be constantly monitored. If Tanglewood utilizes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s â€Å"best practices† guide, it will be less susceptible to claims of disparate impact throughout the company.

The Dark Side of the Roaring Twenties - 1310 Words

The Roaring Twenties, most of the things we hear about the twenties are of good, happy times and of advances in technology and medicine. When we picture the twenties, we picture people dancing, listening to jazz and driving Model Ts. Also, in the twenties, the pretty was quite prosperous. But, there was a dark side to the Roaring Twenties. Those years there were some troubling trends and events, which many forget when thinking of that decade; prohibition, organized crime, nativism and the return of the Ku Klux Klan. Ironically, the twenties are often thought of as a time with careless drinking, when actually, it was illegal in that decade to sell or consume alcohol. On January 16th, 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect. A ban†¦show more content†¦People then began to find the cost of prohibition too high and most did not see drinking, at least in moderation, as sinful. Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the Twenty-first Amendment. Another issue that arose in t he twenties was nativism. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants were welcomed into the United States because the country was growing and industrializing. Due to this, laborers were needed. Also, the United States was always proud of being a refuge for people fleeing hardship or mistreatment in their own countries, or looking for new opportunities for themselves and their children. Before 1890, most of the immigrants had come from the same countries as those who first settled in America. So they typically shared the same values as the original settlers. In the beginning of the twentieth century, most of the immigrants came from southern and eastern European countries. Some also came from Puerto Rico, the West Indies and Mexico. In contrast to the Protestant majority, these newer immigrants tended to be Catholics or Jews, and had different morals and values. By World War I, immigrants were pouring into the United States, and the majority of those immigra nts were of this new variety. This alarmed the citizens on the United States. They felt their ways of life were threatened by the ways and beliefs of the newcomers. It was not just that the immigrants were economic competitors, or that theirShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1356 Words   |  6 Pagestragic story of the roaring twenties, he demonstrates different aspects of the 20s metaphorically through his main characters including Nick Carraway, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, Jay Gatsby, George and Myrtle Wilson, and Jordan Baker. He relates each person to different aspects to further their personal characterization and give them motives to each of the choices they make, resulting in how the book ends. This furthers his development and shows the dark and brutal side of the twenties that is not normallyRead MoreCharacteristics Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1615 Words   |  7 Pagessaid in his novel Haunted,Thats the American Dream: to make your life into something you can sell. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the protagonist is a man named Gatsby who is accustomed to the party lifestyle of the Roaring Twenties. The novel follows a group of people living in a fictional town known as West Egg and East Egg.The two towns represent old money and new money. Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor upbringing and earns an enormous amount of money only to be rejectedRead MoreEssay on The Roaring Twenties1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roaring Twenties Do you ever find yourself wondering why the 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties? The Roaring Twenties was a celebration of youth and culture. During the 1920s, many different forms of art, music, and literature began. There were many changes that took place in the 1920s, and many people were influenced by these changes. The Roaring Twenties was a constant party because America was celebrating the victory of World War I. Many customs and values changed in the UnitedRead MorePublished In Examinerlike Gestalt Therapy Which Was Introduced1618 Words   |  7 Pageschapters twenty seven and twenty eight of America, A Narrative History by Tindall and Shi. I will discuss Normalcy and the Great Depression while exploring the contradictions of the Roaring Twenties and the Jazz Age during the conservative Presidencies of Harding, Coolidge and Hoover. The decade of the twenties went from an economic boom defined by the Roaring Twenties to financial disaster of the Great Depression. Each of these Presidents was involved in the transitions found during the twenties. WetherRead MoreHow Is The Great Gatsby Film Analysis Of The Movie1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby: Film Analysis The movie The Great Gatsby is set during the roaring twenties in Manhattan New York City. Where the young protagonist Nick Carraway (Tobey Maguire) is narrating his life story when he moved to New York. He introduces a young playboy millionaire by the name of Jay Gatsby (Leonardo DiCaprio) and his obsessive love for Daisy Buchanan (Carey Milligan). This movie is the most recent adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald classic American novel, directed by Baz Luhrmann who doesRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties : The Causes And Impacts Of The 1920s1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roaring Twenties The 1920s influenced the world as we know it today. Many important historical events that occurred during this decade, such as the stock market crash and prohibition, altered U.S history and world history intensely. The fashion and hairstyles of the 1920s made an impression on fashion and hairstyles of the 21st century. One of the most familiar symbol of the 1920s is the flapper. Entertainment was also changing; movies became extremely popular during this era. The 1920s wasRead MoreThe Role of Food in The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesbackground in The Great Gatsby. For instance, chapter three of The Great Gatsby describes â€Å"buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold† (Thomas, 2010). Here, Gatsby’s ostentatious display merely offers a descriptive backdrop for the story. They do not eat it. Inste ad, its presence simply provides a conspicuous display of wealth. Quite the opposite is true in The Grapes of WrathRead MoreThe Role of Women in The 1920s Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesstates still refused to give in, but this didn’t stop the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1916, Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the NAWSA, worked vigorously to get women’s organizations from all over the country together and fight side by side. â€Å"One group of activists, led by Alice Paul and her National Woman’s Party, lobbied for full quality for women under the law† (Divine). She used mass marches and hunger strikes as strategies, but she was eventually forced to resign because ofRead MoreThe Influence of the Jazz Age911 Words   |  4 Pageswhite upper class Americans loved it too. â€Å"At the end of the first World War 1 many more possibilities existed for women in the work force, in their social lives especially in the entertainment indus try. (boundless par.3) The average women/in the roaring twenties began to have many more possibilities than ever before with their career life. Especially black women who sang. But even though their talent was strong they weren’t recognized as they should have been until the 30’s and 40’s. The 1920’s was supposedlyRead MoreThe New Women Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1230 Words   |  5 Pageswere making breakthroughs in society that were unheard of. The 1920’s was a time for women reinvent themselves, and this was portrayed by the female characters in the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald. During the time of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties,† there were a lot of technological advances as well as more career opportunities for women. In her article, â€Å"A New Women,† Louise Benner explains about how vacuum cleaners, irons, and washing machines were the most popular devices, and how they

The Indian Caste System And The Love Laws Essay - 1434 Words

This upheaval of identity can be seen in way the colonial trauma pervades the social, political, and cultural environment depicted in The God of Small Things. The social, political, and cultural environments in turn invade the lives of the characters of the novel. The Indian caste system and the love laws, for instance, are driving forces in one of the main conflicts of the novel. The caste system, which was existed in its present form in the novel due to the British colonists favoring certain castes above others, categorized groups of people within Indian society and classified some as superior to others, with the Untouchables being the lowest classification of the human. The love laws determined â€Å"who should be loved, and how. And how much† (Roy 33). These histories work in tandem to create the tragedy of Ammu, the twins’ mother, and Velutha’s, an Untouchable and friend to the twins, doomed relationship. Because of these socially constructed class structure s, Ammu and Velutha’s relationship was forbidden and when Velutha’s father, Vellya, informs Mamacchi and Baby Kochamma of their relationship, they are completely horrified. Vellya’s relationship with the Ipe Family also somewhat parallels the colonized people’s relationship with the colonizer. Vellya, as an Untouchable, occupies a lower social position than the Ipe Family and sees them as superior. By informing the Mamacchi about her daughter and his son’s relationship, he maintains the social class structures and theShow MoreRelatedThe God Of Small Things By Amitabh Roy Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pageslearning more about the Indian culture. Although the majority of my family was brought up in the culture, I was still intrigued to understand how my lifestyle differed from traditional Indian values. Before choosing a book to read for this class, I wanted to find one that would expand my knowledge in a variety of ways by the use of important key topi cs which were discussed in lectures. Furthermore, prior to reading The God of Small Things, I knew very little about how the caste system worked and the colonialRead MoreThe Progression Of Marriage Within South Asia1726 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage â€Å"the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law† (Merriam-Webster). In my research I will be discussing the progression of marriage in south Asia. South Asia is a well-known region for countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka etc. The birthplace of both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in south Asia and it’s the world s third and fourth largest religions. In the 7th centuryRead MoreTheme Of Race In Beloved And The God Of Small Things1067 Words   |  5 PagesAmmu and Velutha, due to the caste system. The caste system separates Hindus into ranked groups, basing these groups on the people’s karma a nd dharma. Robert Ross describes it as â€Å"how a once-wealthy and prestigious family from the South Indian state of Kerala rushes headlong to destruction† (Ross, 1997) and â€Å"the social structure that leads to the mistreatment of the untouchable class† (Ross, 1998). In Roy’s novel, both Ammu and Velutha break the laws of India’s caste system. Velutha is labelled as aRead MoreReligious Beliefs, Traditions, Practices, Customs, And Indian Religions933 Words   |  4 Pageson of the Indian people (16). The faith is so deep in tradition, that its roots make it difficult to specifically define the religion. An important theme throughout Hinduism, however, is the understanding of the omnipresence of the divine in every alive being (17). The first way in which Semitic and Indian religions differ in origin is that 1) Semitic religions practice monotheism whereas Indian faiths practice polytheism. Secondly, 2) Semitic faiths are concerned with following the l aws of MosesRead MoreUntouchables1574 Words   |  7 Pagesunderlying complications that the seeming unbreakable caste system has projected on its cultural members. What are untouchables? Untouchables, or achutta, are the lowest ranking members in the caste system – or pecking order. O’Neil states that â€Å"untouchables are outcasts – people considered too impure, too polluted, to rank as worthy beings,† (ONeil, p. 1). Interestingly, untouchables are not deformed or distinctively different from other Indians in any way. â€Å"Their skin is the same color. They don’tRead MoreIndia s Caste System Of India1709 Words   |  7 PagesIndia’s Caste System The Caste system has aroused much controversy than any other feature of India’s society. Every day, Dalits are butchered, assaulted, abused, raped, lynched, shot or openly mutilated without considering any consequences of the offenders. The deaths of pregnant women who are not able to pay the bribes at government hospitals, some boys with eyes raised completely out for falling in love with a girl of a superior caste, and horrid stories of employees boiled to death because ofRead MoreGod of Small Things960 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters in the novel. The character or characters who engage in unlawful sexual acts are punished while unwanted or undesired race is purged. In this Indian society that worships England, Love Laws, and the Caste System race and sex creates intra-racial racism within the Indian communities that is reinforced with force through the government and Caste System. Intra-racial racism is a result of internalized racism while internalized racism is a result of Anglophilia. The God of Small Things depicts thisRead MoreLove Marriage vs Arranged Marriage!635 Words   |  3 Pagesof the Indian mind. Love marriage is supposed to provide freedom and more independence as compared to arranged marriages where the girl/boy is chosen by the parents. The usual question of love marriage voters against arranged one is that how can anyone marry the person whom they don’t know? Amid popular love lore like Soni Mahiwal, India always had a long tradition of arranged marriages. With the advent of the British and the subsequent introduction of British education system more Indians got educatedRead MorePhilosophies of China and India Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesis a strict rule of law, and that anyone that breaks the law is severely punished. It was used to show legitimacy of power in rulers and to curtain rebellion and overthrow of the government. Lastly, Mohism is the idea of universal love. Basically, think about the ideal as the hippie movement. Mohism states that we should love everyone universally and that will help improve our lives. Indian philosophy differs greatly from China in many areas. The basic principles of Indian philosophy are DharmaRead MoreThe God Of Small Things By Arundhati Roy1313 Words   |  6 Pagesonce their problems have taken a turn for the worse. A major theme of this story is the society of India and the caste system that is in place. Some characters that were majorly affected by the caste system are a woman named Ammu and her two children, Estha and Rahel along with an Untouchable named Velutha. Besides the caste system Ammu and her children must worry about the social system and the outcomes of actions that are not socially acceptable. Another recurring theme of this novel is the change

Childcare Research Task Essays - 4395 Words

Contents Page 1 of 13 C1 - Provide a rationale for the identification of the care and learning needs of all children Page 2 of 13 C2 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of different approaches to planning for children’s care and learning Page 3 of 13 C3 - Explain in detail the professional skills needed to plan. Analyse why practitioners need these skills Page 5 of 13 C4 - Demonstrate the application of relevant†¦show more content†¦Then of there are any improvements they make will be noted and planned again for the next time they do the activity. Routines Every day at placement, practitioners and children follow a routine set in place that also follows the curriculum. It’s seen in every placement some being stuck to the wall for all to see. It helps staff and settings a lot as it allows practitioners to see how much time they have to prepare snacks for children, doing observations, activities, getting milk or juice ready and helps the setting to manage well with the time slots. The child’s care needs are also met when the jobs are done and allow children to understand and get accustomed to the routine and times. Learning journeys These are a key method in children’s learning needs. Practitioners are always writing and updating every child’s learning journeys in nurseries so they can track the developments children make. If the child still hasn’t quite reached a certain development milestone then they tend to work towards that and continue to improve the child’s learning. It also allows parents to get involved with their child’s learning as together they talk about the child’s development stage and together they can plan the next steps in their child’s life and their education. PLODS To ensureShow MoreRelatedThe Sheridan County Ymca And Its Lack Of Space For Its After School Program Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesprogram’s start it has become a wonderful opportunity for families in need of childcare in the hours between the children’s release from school and when they get off work. The program has gained a promising reputation, that being said, it has also gained a hefty waitlist of parents in hopes of their children being accepted into the program. This report will be separated into the following sections: Statement of the Problem, Research Methods, Results, Conclusion, and Recommendations. In Statement of theRead MoreAssessment of the View that Conjugal Roles Have Become Equal1238 Words   |  5 Pagestime spent by spouses on particular tasks. Others have tried to measure the distribution of power within marriage. Willmott and Young, and Gillian Dunne are amongst those who have argued that conjugal roles are equal. However many sociologists such as Ann Oakley, Ferri and Smith, Duncombe and Marsden, and Edgel, who have carried out research into the area of conjugal roles, have found little evidence that couples share equal division of domestic tasks. Willmott and Young agree withRead MoreBusiness Report: Tree House Child Care1695 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions(Operations, Employment Relations, Marketing and Accounting and finance). These main roles can be grouped into 4 main groups; Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. These are known as POLC. The business functions mainly focus on there own tasks but must always work together and POLC is what connects the business functions. Planning is concerned with determining the goals of a business. Tree House should establish its goals so you know what you want to achieve. If your business knows whereRead MoreFreud s Trust Vs. Miss Trust Theory907 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of the individuals early experience with the family. He believed that an infant’s early experience went on to contribute to the individual’s adult personality. The following studies data is based of a one time assessment session. This research found by (refecence 3) has found that infants still form attachments with their mothers who work full time. Although they did argue that these infants are more likely to form an insecure relationship with their mothers compared to mothers who didRead MoreThe Arguments For and Against the Idea that There Is a Move Toward a More Equal Division of Labour Within the Home1445 Words   |  6 Pagestheir fair share of the housework and childcare and do both spouses have an equal say in decision making? This is what I am going to evaluate. To begin with, the domestic division of labour refers to the roles that men and women play in relation to housework, childcare and paid work. 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There are multiple factors that occur in early childhood including breastfeeding, parental intelligence and obstetric complications that haveRead MoreGender Differences Surrounding Parenting And The Responsibility For Children1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn this article, Doucet focuses on the question of why there are preexistent gender differences surrounding parenting and the responsibility for children in heterosexual couples. Although there has been an increase in fathers’ involvement in childcare, mothers still remain strongly associated with the responsibility for children. This trend has not shifted even when mothers are involved with the same amount, or even more paid employment than their husband. Consider the fact that Canadian studiesRead MoreFamily Development Assessment : The Developmental Life Cycle1189 Words   |  5 PagesFamily Development Assessment The second part of the assessment comprehends the developmental life cycle for the family. 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The Pentangle in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay

The Pentangle in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight When writing, never explain your symbols. The author of ``Sir Gawain and the Green Knight dropped this unspoken rule when he picked up his pen. Why? The detailed description and exposition of the pentangle form the key to understanding this poem. By causing the reader to view Gawains quest in terms of the pentangle, the narrator compares the knightly ideals with the reality of Gawains life. The narrator uses the pentangle to promote the knightly ideals, but he also accentuates the primary need for truth in knightly conduct. Finally, the difference between Gawains reaction to his failure and others perception of his faults remind the reader that no one can reach the ideal, and†¦show more content†¦Such a long explanation seems out of place in a poem full of fast-paced action, supernatural beheadings, seductive temptresses, and jolly hunts. The narrator realizes this but plunges into his description after inserting a disclaimer: ``And why the pentangle is proper to that peerle ss prince / I intend now to tell, though detain me it must (30. 623-4). This alerts the reader to pay attention, that the symbolic meaning of the pentangle is important to a proper understanding of thenarrators message. The five pointed star is primarily ``a token of truth; truth is the largest significance of the pentangle (30. 626). Yet this star is no ordinary symbol. Gawains coat of arms links more strongly to its symbolic meaning than most other knightly symbols, which were often taken from nature and mythology. The pentangle is not an ancestral coat of arms, for it applies to Gawain only. Thus Gawain takes it much more seriously than other knights would consider their own symbols. He defines his life by this symbol and attempts, with much success, to exemplify the traits it represents. The five edges stand for characteristics that make Gawain ``foremost of men (30. 655), worthy of the pentangle on his shield. Note that Gawain must live up to his shield; he measures himself by his shield,Show MoreRelatedThe Pentangle Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1947 Words   |  8 PagesThe pentangle in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight which is displayed on the front side of Gawain’s shield, represents his knighthood and all that Gawain stands for. â€Å"In particular, Gawain s courtesy is associated with his virtue in the symbolic device of the pentangle in his shield (Morgan, p.770).† One of the points of the pentangle represents courtesy, which means a knight has to be courteous to not only women, but also men, in order to be able to be seen as reaching this pillar. Courtesy is anRead MoreExamples Of The Pentangle In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1233 Words   |  5 PagesIn the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain brings two very different items to face the Green Knight. The pentangle on Gawain’s shield and the green girdle he ties around himself are both complex symbols with many contrasting meanings. One of the ways the Gawain-poet uses these items is juxtaposing them to develop Sir Gawain’s character. The pentangle represents the ideal human perfection and the green girdle causes Gawain to fail to teach him about his lack of perfection. At the same timeRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, the protagonist, Sir Gawain, is illustrated as the imperfect hero of the tale. His documented imperfections and various flaws create a sense of irony when put into comparison with the depiction of the pentangle on his shield. The pentangle, designed by King Solomon of old as his own magical seal, symbolizes the virtues that Gawain aspires to uphold: to be faultless in his five senses, that his five fingers were never at fault, being faithful to the five wound sRead MoreChivalry Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight904 Words   |  4 PagesChivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight There are many great movies, like â€Å"300† or â€Å"Saving Private Ryan,† that are told with the classic chivalry elements that were known to describe the noble knights from hundreds of years ago. Much like the courageous soldiers in these movies, Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, faced many conflicts that might have questioned his moral code of nobleness. Sir Gawain was a great knight that was loyal to King Arthur and had the courage to take on theRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the poet depicts an entertaining story of adventure and intrigue. However, the poem is more than a grand adventure. It is an attempt to explore the moral ideals of Sir Gawain. Gawains standards are represented by the pentangle on his shield. The depiction of the pentangle occurs when Sir Gawain is preparing to gear up for his quest for the Green Chapel. Gawains outfit is described in great detail, including its color,Read MoreImportance Of A Pentangle And Their Long Uses And The Past History Associated With It1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to understand the importance of a pentangle we must learn about its long uses and the past history associated with it. Beginning around 3500 BC in the vicinity of Mesopotamia is where the oldest known origins of a Pentangle can be found and dated. During this time the pentangle has been used as a religious symbol all around the world from the beginning of recorded history. The most common shape is a five- pointed star that is drawn as one main line that is broken into five line segments whereRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe language of symbols plays a major role in medieval poetry â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† is no exception. The use of symbolism gives a writer the ability to draw important connections between items in their story and the audience. The poet behind â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† gives the reader a detailed description of the pentagram, his most important symbol, in order to form the key understanding of this poem. The narrator compares knightly ideals such as integrity, focus, and strengthRead MoreThe Audience, the Pentagle and the Green Sash in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Green Sash in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Works Cited Missing Although some early manuscripts of the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight still exist, nothing, beyond speculation, is known about the poet, which is a pity when considering its rich language and imagery. Believed to have been written between 1375 and 1400, and some 2500 lines long, the unknown poet blent a unique mixture of chivalry, the Beheading Game and the temptation of a knight called Sir GawainRead MoreSir Gawains Shield and the Quest for Perfection Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pages Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a religious allegory full of Christian symbolism with the central message of sin, forgiveness, and redemption. The poem is a great story of virtues, trust and honor. Its an Arthurian romance in which Sir Gawain carries a shield on his chest in his quest for Green Knight. Gawains shield has two images, a picture of Virgin Mary on the inside and Painted upon his shield is a five-pointed star (pentangle). He is a perfect knight who realizes that it is importantRead MoreSymbolism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.1460 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is a medieval poem by an unknown author, written in Middle English in the 14th century. This poem is uncanny to most poems about heroism and knightly quests as it doesn’t follow the complete circle seen in other heroism tales. This poem is different to all the rest as it shows human weaknesses as well as strengths which disturbs the myth of the perfect knight, or the faultless hero. The author uses symbolism as a literary device in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight to

Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin free essay sample

Stowe’s book was a primary source, specifically a book that created new emotions in the minds of the North—emotions contrary to what they have heard and believed. Embodied with abolition views, her book gave the unwavering effect of the malice of slavery causing the diction to encompass biases, sometimes exaggerated, against the South. Purpose: Stowe was writing this document as a response to the country’s ignorance of the morally corrupt side of slavery, and to be directed mainly at the North. She provides very detailed accounts of life as a slave working under Legree—the despicable, southern plantation owner. When Tom, the main character in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, professed his unwillingness to beat his fellow slaves, Legree’s anger represents the epitome of dehumanizing torture to black slaves as a whole, and all of this is captured by Stowe’s emotional writing: â€Å". . . ‘An’t I yer masters’? Didn’t I pay down twelve hundred dollars, cash, for all there is inside yer old cussed black shell? An’t yer mine, now, body and soul? ’ he said, giving Tom a violent kick with his heavy boot; ‘tell me! ’ ’No! no! no! my soul an’t yours, Mas’r! You haven’t bought it, ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it; no matter, no matter, you can’t harm me! ’ ‘I can’t! ’ said Legree, with a sneer; ‘we’ll see, we’ll see! Here, Sambo, Quimbo, give this dog such a breakin’ in as he won’t get over, this month! ’† This act of slave resistance made an impact in the South that is not surprising but rather a desirable response in all the minds that read Stowe’s book. Along with her desire to educate the public, Stowe wanted to establish the priority that some action must be taken to end this suffering. Stowe also added another purpose in the novel through religious morals and Biblical allusions: â€Å". . . ‘my soul an’t yours, Mas’r! You haven’t bought it – ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it’. . . † Tom is speaking to Legree here referring the â€Å"one that is able to keep it† as God. It also shows that Legree cannot force them against their will even with obsessive abuse, physically and mentally with dehumanizing names such as ‘dog’, ‘critter’, and ‘beast’. This instance of slave resistance shows that slaves should remain strong in hope for the day slavery will be banned. Value: The novel of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was historic in the sense that it trumped almost every idea about slavery. It was the best-selling novel of the 19th century, after the Bible, and gave support to the abolitionist’s cause in the 1850s (300,000 copies were sold in the US; one million copies, in Great Britain). It had such an impact that when she met with Abraham Lincoln, even the President of the United States was impacted and basically said to her that she is the little lady who started this Great War. After Lincoln’s words were made public, the novel had become out of print for many years causing Jewitt to go out of business. Until Ticknor and Fields put the work back into print in 1862, the book lost all of its demand. It not only was poignant in our hearts but also inspirational. Stowe’s book was the basis for several other anti-slavery novels, plays, or simply the countless newspaper editorials. It is obvious to historians that Uncle Tom’s Cabin was one of the most influential pieces of literature in the United States and was a landmark for the abolitionist’s cause that establishes how terrible slavery was in great detail by giving a perspective inside the corrupt system. Limitations: The limiting factors of this novel as a historical source are the biases within the perspective, stereotypes popularized from this story, and exaggerative writing that instigates the pro-slavery responses to Stowe’s novel. Historians must take into account that this work is completely fictional and is only one response from an woman overcome with anger. Provoked by the passing of the Fugitive Slave Law prohibiting the aid to runaway slaves, Stowe takes her anger out on the South by the power of the pen. She writes the novel as fiction, but still brings across the possibility that slavery isn’t as cracked up as it used to be. Mammy†, â€Å"pickaninny†, and â€Å"Uncle Tom† are all stereotypes that were brought on by slavery. Each derogatory term relates to a specific category but they all have one requisite feature in common—black skin colored and enslaved by a white master. Some views on this piece of literature say that Stowe exaggerated slav e life and that not all masters are cruel and oblivious to the human condition. Though 90% of the black population was enslaved, this argument makes a reasonable proposition, because many slaves were not treated badly as others. A large number of slaves were bought to oversee for their master or even to protect their master, and some slaves were able to purchase their freedom with money they made from a special skill, even then, those slaves returned profits to their original masters after they were free. The status of Americans directly correlated by birthplace; therefore, Stowe’s novel provided a view of slavery that cannot pertain to it as a whole, but only one aspect. Yes, it was extremely impactful. No, it cannot be a historical source to represent slavery wholly.