The Best Fit - 890 Words

The Best Fit Aristotle one of the best philosopher in the third century BCE explained what a virtuous act was and how we could get it. Immanuel Kant was one of the best philosophers in the 17th century, and created the Categorical Imperative, and John Stuart Mill was one of the best philosopher on the 18th century, and created The Utilitarianism ethical system, but which one made the best moral theory that best fits our culture and community? As we have seen in Chapter 7, ethics differs from culture to culture. In our culture we developed ourselves wanting materials and adventures that gives us pleasure and happiness. The ethical systems that makes the greatest amount of happiness is the Utilitarian System, and it is the theory that best fits my culture, however we have a combination of the Deontological system in order to keep laws and peace from falling apart. Aristotle one of the best philosopher in our history developed a moral system in which brings virtue, and it tells us what the best type of act we can do. According to Aristotle, â€Å"The virtuous act is the mean between two extremes, which are vices; for example courage is the mean between rashness and cowardice† (Cahn 135). This means that we should have control of our emotions, and think how we are going to act, then we will be making a virtuous act. When a person acts with courage he will become virtuous because he practiced being courageous. He will become what he practices. However Aristotle’s system does notShow MoreRelatedHrm- Best Fit and Best Practice1792 Words   |  8 Pagesconcepts the most important concepts being used nowdays in Human resource management areâ€Å"Best Practiceâ€Å" and â€Å"Best Fitâ€Å". There is a big increase on the debate between Best practice and Best fit, as to whether they general concept of Best practice is benificial to every organization and similarly the same for the concept of Best fit. Best practice suggests certain types of practices are universal ly successfull while Best fit acknowledges the relevent impact of contextual factors. Further below we will lookRead Morebest fit and best practice in HRM3167 Words   |  13 Pagesall Japanese manufactures to capture western market. The theoretical approach of human resource management now taking consideration in context of taking competitive advantage of organization this led to how an organization use their technical and best human resources to compete the current market scenario. Faculty and alumni of Harvard business school first proposed the model of HRM which was known as the Harvard Model of HRM. This was first time then intellectual think to consider HRM for managementRead MoreBest Fit vs Best Practice Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to its proponents, the ‘best practice’ school of thought is the route to organizational success. If that is the case, why is ‘best practice’ not standard HR practice within all organizations? Proper management of human resources is a critical variable affecting an organization’s growth, competitiveness, productivity, profitability, and survival. The core strength of any organization lies in its human resources because it involves a ll management decisions and practices that directly affectRead MoreCollege Is The Best Fit For College Essay1838 Words   |  8 Pagesdirect lecture from their professors. Tuition rates might sway a student’s decision when choosing a particular college. With the amount of post-secondary institutions in Florida, students may feel overwhelmed when figuring out which college is the best fit for them. In Miami, Florida, public and private colleges share similarities and differences related to their financial assistance, tuition, acceptance rate, and size class. When it comes to financial assistance for college, there are multiple waysRead MoreContingency Approach : The Best Fit Model1370 Words   |  6 PagesContingency Approach (The best fit model) The contingency approach to SHRM practice seeks to align people management practices with competitive business strategies to generate increased performance (Miles and Snow 1978). HRM practices that are not consistent with business strategies and are in conflict with other HRM practices, create confusion or ambiguity which may lead to decreased performance for the individual and the organisation (Schuler and Jackson, 1987; Schuler, 1989). Forbrum et alRead MoreWhat Career Is Best Fit For Me918 Words   |  4 Pagesworld , those lyrics from Prince perfectly defines the meanings of life. The happiness, the struggles, and the discovery of why we are here on this earth. It has been two months so far since graduation, and I am still discovering what career is best fit for me. Lately, I have been job-hunting almost everyday and it is exhausting, but I remain confident. I do plan on going back to school to earn my Masters as soon as I figure out what I want to do ,but lately I have been looking for stable jobs inRead MoreInvestigating The Best Market Fit For The Product2082 Words   |  9 Pagesthe potential internalisation of Vitel Water’s prill beads into either the Vanuatu or Kiribati markets. Clean drinking water is scarce in both nations but they offer different advantages and risks. The purpose of this report is to assess the best market fit for the product. Company: The Company supplying the product is Vitel Water (Vitel). Vitel sell water purification sets using a product called Vitel Water Beads, or prill beads. Vitel is a family owned and run business operating out of MortonRead MoreThe Best Fit Who Will Promote The New Shoes Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pageshired by Nike Corporation to choose the celebrity who will endorse their new Nike tennis shoes, I collected all the important information as well as conducted the survey to make a right recommendation. So, the purpose of this document is to find the best fit who will promote the new shoes. The document will give you the information about the history and background of the celebrity. Also, it will provide with the survey that was mainly focused on figuring out if our choice was right and if the other peopleRead MoreWhy College Is The Best Fit And The Benefits Of College965 Words   |  4 Pagespeople from the world and learn about them and how their world has shaped their live and the circu mstances that led them into college. In the article, Is College Worth It? Clearly, New Data Says, by David Landoldt, he states reasons why college is the best fit and the benefits that college offers to its graduates. He briefly talks about the financial support that college graduates receive after college and connects it to individuals who have not received a degree. In the article, Why college isn’t forRead MoreHigh Graduation Rate Is The Best Fit For Me1430 Words   |  6 PagesAnother action step I need to engage in, is finding graduate schools in North Carolina that will be the best fit for me. There are currently four fully accredited occupational therapy programs in North Carolina. Although I am not picky about the city the school is in, I would like for the school to be surrounding a larger population. I believe there will be more job opportunities in bigger cities that will allow me to advance in my career. The school needs to have a high graduation rate, and upon

Implementing An Effective Punishment For An Offender

Achieving justice for all and providing appropriate punishment to fit all crimes is a prominent issue within the criminal justice system. In considering an effective punishment for an offender, the law must be mindful of both the moral and legal rights of a number of parties, including the society, the offender, and the victim, in order to achieve true justice for all (Warren 2005) - a process proving controversial and almost impossible in many cases. Whilst aiming to provide a system in which citizens trust, respect, and understand (Warren 2005), the criminal justice system seeks to sustain a society confident in the justice served by its legal system, and one that possesses a sincere desire for justice. Developing punishments to fit†¦show more content†¦Instead, the focus of the law is directly placed on legal facts presented during a case. From these, justice - in accordance with the court of law - will be served. The problem with this however, is that a prominent belief in society is that the politics surrounding the case over-rule the need for justice inside a court, when in fact, the moral rights and emotions of the victim should be the most important factor whilst determining a just sentence for the offender (The Age 2002). This ideal is based on the belief that the impact the crime had on the victim is more extreme than the impact of any form of punishment placed on the offender, suggesting that justice can only be served once an offender is forced to adress and respond to the concerns of the victim, and following this, suffer extensively harsh punishment (Launchland 2015), regardless of any mitigating factors present in the case. In contrast, many people also support a more empathetic approach towards the offender, encouraging the growth of a more corrective and rehabilitational legal system, and recognising the moral and legal rights of an offender to be just as substantial as those of a victim (Timary Herald 1999) in determining what true ju stice really is. From simply examining the above opinions on what justice really is and how it can be served in the criminal justice system,

General Electrical Medical Systems Free Essays

Q1: What is the underlying logic behind the global product company idea? Global Product Company (GPC) philosophy is mainly aiming at producing products that fit global markets with lowest cost and highest profit. This philosophy has mechanisms that have been applied to different phases of product lifecycle: Manufacturing phase: In manufacturing phase, cutting costs was achieved by moving manufacturing activities and eventually design and engineering activities from high-cost countries to low-cost countries. RD phase: RD is a very important phase in product development, it is essential to develop new products that can compete in the global market and considers different customers’ needs. We will write a custom essay sample on General Electrical Medical Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having high skilled workers in developing countries, where labor has relatively lower costs, has enabled the movement of RD from high-cost countries to low-cost countries, however RD programs, objectives, and strategies were still managed by headquarter and the corporate global senior management. Marketing Sales phase: On contrary to RD and Manufacturing, marketing sales have to be localized operations according to each region and country. Accordingly, GEMS has established many offices around the world for sales and marketing management to get closer to the customer. Q2: Should the Global Product Company philosophy be altered to suit the needs of medical diagnostic market in China? China already has the third largest market for medical diagnostic after USA and Japan and it is already the fastest growing, it has the biggest market or low-ended products which has about 20% of the worldwide industry revenues. Accordingly, somehow the tenets of the GPC policies should change to increase the market share in the low-end products; GEMS should adopt the new â€Å"In China for China† policy and bring the plants in already low-cost countries to China. According to Chinese culture and rules, domestic production will bring greater demand and will also bring a slight cost saving that could enable GEMS low-end products to compete with Siemens products that are already being manufactured in China. Dropping the price with 10% can increase the sales with 50%. Although the â€Å"In China for China† policy might cause duplication in infrastructure, the newly expected market share in the Chinese market can absorb this duplication of infrastructure and production. Q3: Should GEMS be pursuing genomics and health care IT opportunities aggressively in addition, or instead of the China opportunity? China opportunity is a cash cow for the time being, it represents the biggest opportunity in the low-ended products. On the other hand, genomics and health care IT opportunities are the future of the industry they are star products. If GEMS did not look for opportunities and investments in genomics and health care IT, then it will lose its market share in the high and medium-ended products which both represents about 80% of the industry market. Accordingly, I see that GEMS should pursue genomics and health care IT opportunities aggressively in addition to the China opportunity. How to cite General Electrical Medical Systems, Papers

Financial Analysis Starbucks Corporation free essay sample

Financial Ratio Analysis Starbucks Corporation Starbucks Corporation is the global leader in coffee and has a strong entrepreneurial history of product development and branding. Ranked as both a Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000 Best Company to Work For Starbucks employs 116,357 team members in the United States (Fortune, 2010). Starbucks (SBUX) Corporation according to Plunkett Research, Ltd. ranks in their industry group as number one in sales and profits. National and internationally Starbucks Corporation own 16,858 stores located in a variety of settings. Since its conception in 1971 Starbucks has expanded to over 50 countries and serves millions of consumers a day. The business has expanded beyond coffee sales to include; †¢ Coffee shops and bars including quality foods †¢ Coffee accessories and equipment †¢ Wholesale coffee distribution Recorded music and DVD sales †¢ Custom music CD kiosks †¢ Book sales (Plunkett Research Ltd. , 2010) It also licenses its trademarks through other channels such as licensed stores and through certain of its licensees and equity investees, produces and sells ready-to-drink beverages. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Analysis Starbucks Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Starbuck’s portfolio includes brands such as Starbucks ®, Tazo ® Tea, Seattles Best Coffee ®, and Starbucks VIA ® Ready Brew. Co. has three segments: the U. S. , International, and Global Consumer Products Group (Mergent Online, 2011). Financial Ratios Analyzing past and current financial ratios determined by Starbuck Corp. balance sheet are indicators of the corporation’s performance and financial condition. A comparison with industry averages identify rends, strengths, and weaknesses in the corporation and can predict future growth and potential bankruptcy. Financial ratios are classified by the information they provide. The following ratios will be used to analyze the financial state of Starbucks Corp. ; leverage ratios, liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, and profitability ratios. Leverage Ratios Leverage ratio provides an indication of the future health of the corporation by quantifying the extent the corporation is using long-term debt. Financial leverage is measured by a ratio of long-term debt to total long-term capital (Brealey, Meyers, and Marcus, p. 453, 2003). This analysis was completed for a five year period using Times Interest Earned Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Total Debt Ratio. Times Interest Earned Ratio measures the extent of Starbucks Corp. interest is covered by earnings. The ratio provides lenders information regarding the ability of the corporation to pay their debt. If the corporation’s earnings are in excess of the interest payments then the debt is considered fairly secured. Analysts generally calculate this ratio of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) to interest payments (Brealey, Meyers, and Marcus, p. 444, 2003). Figure 1 compares Starbucks Corp. to the industry average over five years. The debt incurred by Starbucks is considerably low at 12. 04% but higher then previous four years and the industry average. 2010, Starbucks Corp. time interest earned increased by 7. 57% along with its profit. According to Starbucks form 10K fiscal year 2010; this was attributed to expansion into new models outside the retail store model, increase focus on consumer global consumer products research and development, and expansion in international markets (Mergent Online, 2003). Debt to Equity Ratio measures the quantity of debt each long-term capital dollar carries as expressed by the total debt divided by the total equity. In Figure 1, Starbucks five year trend is considerably lower debt to equity ratio as compared to industry standards.

20+ Ways to Source Content Ideas

Consistently coming up with clever and relevant topics for your audience is a huge challenge. You can monitor industry news and competitors, but there is a gold mine of source material that often gets overlooked: your own customers. Depending on your business, there are a number of opportunities to gain some key insights into what your customers think of you. Setting up processes to regularly listen to what they are saying is a critical way to keep your content marketing on point and, most importantly, generating business. In this post we’ll cover 2 approaches to coming up with fresh website content ideas as well as 17 sources you can use to find content ideas. Free Actionable Bonus: Want our complete guide to content creation? Get the guide plus a content calendar template and a list of our favorite content creation tools. 2 Approaches to Coming Up With Content Ideas 1. Keeping an Ear to the Ground Of course, the key to success in content marketing is to know your audience and understand what they are looking for. To do this though, you need to pay attention to where they’re talking to you (and what they’re talking about). Depending on the specifics of your business, these can include: Direct customer service feedback Blog comments Social media posts Surveys and questionnaire responses Online forum posts Reviews Comments on your competitors’ blogs and social posts (for your future customers) Once you’ve identified your audience’s interests and concerns, demonstrate your expertise and explicitly give them the information they’re looking in a format which will appeal most to them. Some possibilities include: Blog posts. Great for existing or potential new customers. They can be highly specific and people can find them via search engines. It’s also easy to share on social to expand your reach. Ideal for informational and the more ‘how-to’ types of content. Webinars and White Papers. Perfect for tech and/or science-focused companies to connect with audiences that are looking for a higher degree of detail. Micro-Content. To reach and attract a wider audience, relevant and visually compelling micro-content can be very effective at generating social engagement. 2. Customer-Focused Content Marketing: Done Right In 2009, Marcus Sheridan’s in-ground swimming pool company, River Pools and Spas, was on the brink of financial failure.Sheridan decided to retool the company’s marketing approach and focus on blog posts designed to answer customers’ most common questions. He did what the competition didn’t do: divulged sensitive – but essential – content that customers needed to know before making a purchase, such as the cost of various types of pools.River Pools’ honest, customer-centric campaign paid off:that single article about pool costs resulted in over $1.7 million in sales. Download our free guide on finding, vetting, and hiring freelance writers. Download the PDF now. Source 1: End-User Based Ideas 1. Just Ask. It’s That Simple. Asking about your consumer or end-user experience not only shows you care about what they think, but can also generate great feedback. What are their pain points? What do they love? What do they wish you offered? What other complementary or supplementary services are they interested in? If they consent to you quoting them verbatim, that’s fantastic user generated content for social proofing. Take advantage of every opportunity to gather real feedback and answer it in writing. 2. Be a Blog, Review and Facebook Snoop. Read through the comments on blogs of related offerings, competitors, industry-wide (and possibly your own) and then create website content that addresses unanswered questions. Do the same with consumer reviews and Facebook comments and you’ll have material for months. 3. Check Out Quora Questions. Quora is a great questions-and-answer website where members can vote on the answers provided (similar to Yahoo Answers and others). Simply type a relevant topic into the search box and you’ll be presented with a list of popular questions. There is also an ‘open questions’ link which features unanswered questions. Both the questions and the popular answers are sound sources of inspiration. 4. Relevant Forums. Use search engines to search for forums on just about anything and you’ll usually get a few pretty decent results. Explore them to see what people are talking about and what questions they have to filter out some more great ideas for your content creation endeavors. 5. FAQs. Look at your own website’s FAQ section, and those of your competitors. Are there any topics you can expand upon, explain and even enhance with a video, e-book or guide. The frequent questions your customer service team receive are also great fodder. 6. Social Media Trending. Check your social media content regularly to understand what your audience is interested in and what content they’re sharing. These channels are a great source for up to the minute trending topics and ideas for quick turn-around pieces. 7. Ask a Sales Person Ask a sales person about the common questions or pain points they hear prospects talking about. These are topics that you know prospects care about so it’s worth investing some time into create an article that speaks to the pain point. Source 2: Industry Insights 1. Google Alerts. Start with a base of core topics you already know resonate well with your audience and see how you can use and improve on what you find. 2. Google News. Not surprisingly this is an excellent source for hot industry topics and trends, use it! Subscribe to a few popular industry newsletters and look out for popular topics. Also look at what your competitors are offering in return for signing up. Can you improve on their incentives? 3. Interview Experts. Experts in your field are very often happy to collaborate and co-create in person, via email, by phone or on Skype. You can decide whether you want to get their permission to use the interview as content or to simply use the discussion for inspiration. 4. Conferences and Trade Shows. Listen to talks, follow the live blogging sessions if you can’t attend and take notes at any QA sessions you can access. Come up with content that answers the questions, take note of key nuggets and take-aways from speakers, quote them, and create content pieces around those nuggets. Go back in time and listen to old TED talks as well. There are some great high-level topics that can provide an enormous amount of food for thought and the written word. At tradeshows, speak to other attendees and exhibitors to get their thoughts on what’s new, what’s up-and-coming, what’s popular and what’s declining. 5. Industry Studies and Statistics. Popular industry reports on sites like Nielson and Emarketer are an excellent source for data-driven content pieces, like infographics. Additionally, you can simply pull a few key figures, tie them into the macro-and-micro environments of your subject matter objective and you have a nearly never-ending source of informational type articles. Source 3: Personal Experience Give your audience a behind-the-scenes look at your business. Regardless of your role or title, sharing the ins-and-outs of your working day is a great way to build credibility and engage like-minded readers. This also happens to be one of the easy content buckets to turbo-boost by adding photos and videos to your content arsenal. 2. Your Co-Workers. Ask team members for interviews or do a series of biographies to show the real people behind your business. The experts at your company will know more about their topic than you do. Ask your technical team about little-known product features. Ask your sales team about what they hear from customers. Ask your marketing team about current trends. Don’t expect them all to ‘get-it.’ In fact, this may be one of your tougher targets to tap for inspiration, so start with marketing and management and move out into the wider realm with proof of your efforts for the unconvinced. 3. Company News. Share pictures, commentary and comedic moments from a corporate event. Always write about awards won, milestones achieved (that can be publically shared), community involvement and upcoming events. If there’s a new product release on the horizon or your business is expanding, toot your own horn. If you’re sun-setting a product, comprehensively explain why to help alleviate negative sentiment and boost awareness of the approaching discontinuation. 4. Play Devil’s Advocate. Speculate. Approaching a topic in your industry from a different angle is an effective way to start a conversation and boost your brand’s profile. If you want to drive some potentially controversial discussion, speculate about the future direction of your industry, product type or technology. People are always looking for ways to prepare for the future and for ways to enhance their knowledge. This is an area is which you can be particularly obtuse as long as it falls within brand guidlelines. 5. Look To Your Tools. What tools do you use to make your life, work or work-life balance easier? It’s likely your audience will find your recommendations, reviews and insights engaging and interesting. Explain in your own words the benefits of downloading or purchasing an ebook, software, or an app, or just share what works for you and what doesn’t in each different area. 6. Amuse Your Readers. Sometimes poking fun at yourself when something either went amazingly right or drastically wrong at work or at home can offer a bit of diversion for both your readers and for you. When done well, these pieces can be highly engaging and can help to further grow your base of evangelists. If you don’t mind sounding like a bit of a klutz every now and then, these can be very effective provided they’re about you, not someone else or the business. In Summary Approach content creation from the perspective of your target audience. Answer questions before they’re asked. Keep a notebook on you at all times and make use of these ideas if only to make your life easier. Hopefully, these suggestions will help you in your content marketing journey and ensure you can deliver meaningful content to your audience consistently and for a long time to come. If you have any suggestions that we haven’t covered, please co-create with us and add your comments – we love great ideas too!

Death Essays (679 words) - Death Customs, Undertaking, Mourning

Death Essays (679 words) - Death Customs, Undertaking, Mourning Gurtegh Hora Period 1 Death is inevitable that one cannot escape and avoid the pain and sorrow that follows. Death cannot be avoided in any way, shape or form. This is seen in both poems Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden and Spring and Fall: To a Young Child by Gerard Manley Hopkins 1918. Death is so dreadful that it impacts everything starting with the environment and leading all the way to the outcomes of death. Death is so horrific that it even affects nature and the environment of one as a whole. He was my North, my South, my East and West, symbolizes that this man was her everything, her whole entire world, but could not stay with her forever. In the third stanza, Auden uses Metaphors to display how much the past meant to the narrator. Auden says that we must "stop the dog from barking," "silence the pianos," and bring out a "muffled drum. In the first stanza, there is a lot of Imagery that brings upon a feeling of grief, sadness and emotion. Margaret are you grieving/Over Goldengrove unleaving? Which brings up a very sad emotion because the leaves are are beginning to fall. There is use of Illiteration with the words grieving and Goldengrove, emphasizing its importance. Frequently people find themselves in a situation where they are unable to deliberate death openly. I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong. This displays that she couldnt have him forever. The use of Syntax was essential in this case because it calls for pause giving more depth to the sentence, and shows how the girl must be very sad do to her loss. In the second stanza, Auden describes having airplanes "circle moaning overhead Scribbling on the sky" indicating about how this person's loved one had died. There is a heavy use of Personification because airplanes aren't capable of moaning or scribbling; but giving an airplane the ability to do so adds a key element to the poem. It gave off the feeling that the airplane is mourning a death as well. Margaret is in the "spring" of her life and she is only a "young child,". But even though she's young, she's already starting to realize (due to the leaves falling) and that she will eventually grow old and die. The main device us ed here was Juxtaposition, which contrasts between youth and age, innocence and knowledge, spring and fall. The end results after a person or one has passed away or is going to one day, is a feeling that you cannot overcome. It is the blight man was born for/It is Margaret you mourn for. She is not mourning for the leaf, she mourning because she realizes that one-day she will fall just as the leaves. Also there is use of Illiteration with blight and born, blight-meaning burden gives the last to lines more emotion. As well as Conflict because she will mourn her own death one day. For nothing now can ever come to any good. Displays how the world isn't big enough to hold the pain of the death has taken place, and its not enough to go up, one must come back down. This is worst that could happen, it could one get better from this point on. The words that sated the first three line of the poem Stop, Prevent, Silence indicates negativity and death. Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come, shows that a he is dead and now mourning his death is last thing to do. Death is so significant that it last everyday until one lives there last day. The environment, people/family and the end results of death are all major points seen throughout the writings. When someone dies, it kills the person mourning day in and night. Death is not an easy thing to overcome when you know its approaching or it has already occurred, as displayed by these two poems.

On an individual basis critically analyse the CSR strategy of Disney Assignment

On an individual basis critically analyse the CSR strategy of Disney drawing upon Husted and Allens 7-step corporate social strategy framework - Assignment Example It will also help them to design the implementation plan of the strategy. Corporate social responsibility is the initiative taken by any organisation to assess various social and environmental issues and actively participating in the betterment of the society. 7 steps of well designed strategic plan have been introduced by Husted and Allen for the proper implementation of corporate social strategy (Husted and Allen, 2010). The 7 step framework of Husted and Allen has been used to design the implementation plan of corporate social strategy of Disney. The CSR of Disney includes activities such as healthy cleaning, recycling of waste materials, providing nutrition guidelines and online safety for kids (Hopkins, 2012). Women economic empowerment is a factor that can be considered by Disney to expand their existing range of CSR activity. Economic condition of women is miserable in various parts of African and Asian countries. The locations of Disney in those countries can help them to resolve this issue. Large companies like Wal-Mart and Coca-Cola are already involved in various operations to enhance the economical position of women in the society. Government of those countries are attracting more investment from top corporate towards the solution of unemployment and poverty (Lownes-Jackson and Guy, 2012). Disney can conduct training facility for the women under poverty level of these countries to enhance their working skills. Offering employment to these women can improve the economical status of these countries. Disney needs to analyse their available resources and the capabilities of the organisation before creating any plan. The major resources of any organisation are their financial resources and physical assets. Walt Disney holds a large number of consumer franchises that caters from soft toys selling to theme parks which are established in various parts of Africa and Asia. They have

The Chrysler PT Cruiser Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Chrysler PT Cruiser - Essay Example The Chrysler PT Cruiser The Chrysler Group is Daimler Chrysler AG’s unit which is world’s fifth biggest automaker producing company in both passengers as well as commercial vehicle segments. The Chrysler PT Cruiser is built by Chrysler which is a â€Å"retro† styled station wagon. It is the marquee of Daimler Chrysler. The model resembles in size and shape to the 1997 Chrysler CCV prototype. The marketing plan is all about repositioning and revitalising the PT Cruiser that has been struggling since many years and underwent a decline stage. PT Cruiser has been one of the successful retro-styled vehicles. More than 1.3 million PT Cruiser cars were manufactured since the year 2000. However, despite its stylish look and many advanced features, the sales of the car have been plummeting in the recent years. It has been analysed that the reason behind the sales slide and the failure of the PT Cruiser have been that the Chrysler didn’t invest the required sum in this model. It has even b een argued that the reason behind its failure has been that the car was never improved by the company over its life span. The target segment was primarily the middle aged people who bought these cars. There are always two basic strategic choices for any company. Either the company can segment the market or it can treat its entire market as its potential customers for the goods and services that it renders. By the word ‘segmentation’ the development of the unique marketing strategies in order to meet the market needs of the market place, is perceived. (Weinstein, 2004). In addition to the middle aged people the target segment should be youngsters as well. By driving its attention towards this particular segment, the company can gain a significant number of customers in comparison to the middle aged people. In terms of psychographic segmentation, the company needs to segment its market to the outgoing people who usually hangout with their friends and relatives. The company has been providing its services all over the world; however, it would be better if the company targets the Asian countries as there is huge potential in these countries. In terms of benefit segmentati on, the company needs to focus upon investing in the style of the product as it has not gone through much change with respect to the product and there has been no investment made to upgrade it. In terms of physiographic segmentation, the company can target both the economy minded as well as the high income group people. Marketing Objectives The main objective of the company must be to invest adequate resources so that they can appeal to the mass consumers. In the era of competition, it is important for the companies to keep themselves updated with the modern technologies. The major reason for the failure of the product has been that the model and features provided by the car were same throughout its entire of its 11 years existence in the market. Therefore, the main objective of the company must be to make changes in the product model along with providing new advanced features with the aim to beat the

Managing gender equality in the workplace Assignment

Managing gender equality in the workplace - Assignment Example Organizations prefer to have individuals from diverse backgrounds as their team members because this choice can bring in more talent, innovative ideas, knowledge and learning opportunities. On the negative side, this measure can create a lot of anger, frustration, unhealthy competition, employees’ politics and complexes among the employees because of low tolerance and sexual superiority. In most organizations, we see that majority of the working force is of men and they are the ones serving at the superior positions. Women are not much appreciated in the business world because it is a common misconception in our society that women are just meant for taking care of the entire family, raising the children and doing the household work. In reality, the potential possessed by females is commendable. Some organizations encourage women to become a part of the business arena and they design special policies and rewards so that women feel secure and proud of their status. They treat wo men as equally to men and condemn gender discrimination in the workplace. Also those belonging to diverse backgrounds have to face real problems when mixing up with team who have entirely different cultural backgrounds. Due to such issues, the ultimate productivity of an organization suffers. Among many such organizations, Unilever is one organization which is a supporter of diversity and gender equality. In this paper, we will be focusing on the practices of Unilever that are aimed at managing equality and diversity within the organization, relate these practices with the theories based on equality and diversity and recommend possible diversity management strategies for Unilever. Theoretical Review Globalization has brought in challenges for almost all organizations. Of them, the biggest one is to survive and compete with other organizations in the industry. Multinational companies are realizing that inviting people from across the borders to become a part of them is an intelligent move which can certainly benefit the company. When a team is diverse, every member will be having his own ideas and opinions about things and when these ideas combine, the result is nothing but success. But this is possible only when diverse teams are managed in a way that their productivity is enhanced. Similarly, women in the business world are as capable as men. Today, companies are realizing that the talent and ability women possess cannot in any case be ignored and they deserve to be given opportunities. There are a number of key factors that an organization like our chosen one, Unilever is taking into account while designing and implementing its gender equality practices. At Unilever, they have a global diversity program, the purpose of which is to ensure that they have the right talent and creative people in the company. They also ensure that the workforce is gender balanced so that the maximum output can be achieved. Unilever is making it certain that the graduate recruits make fifty percent of the workforce. However, the annual reports reveal that although women are working in senior and middle level positions at the company but there is only one woman who is serving Unilever at the leadership level. We can relate this to the concept of glass ceiling effect.

How American Civil War Was Inevitable History Essay

How American Civil War Was Inevitable History Essay The American civil war was the largest ever armed conflict to occur on Americas soil and it occurred in between the years of 1861 to 1865. It was deadly and arguably the most important event in the nations history. Sections entrenched in the constitution of the united sates Catapulted tension between the northern and the southern states leading to a brutal war. Slavery was a root cause of the conflict. This war increased Americas economic dominance until it overtook all the other countries of the world. It also lead the country into having a strong constitution that made Americans to be part of a single nation instead of a corporate made up of different states with their own rules and institutions. The war indeed changed the way Americans viewed their own nation seeing it as one nation. After the war every part of Americas national fabric changed; from the role of the federal government to the status of African Americans. The war was triggered by the victory of Abraham Lincoln in the elections of 1860.  [1]   Factors That Made the Civil War Irrepressible In these elections, the Republican Party led by Lincoln won, beating three other candidates. The southerners did not vote for him so his victory was seen as a northern affair. His speech, given in 1858, stated that, a divided house cannot stand and visualized that America can not endure a half-slave and half-free. This clearly showed that he was a moderate and was therefore not up to task, in the views of the southerners, to be able to tackle the abolitionist they perceived as a threat.  [2]  He countered this by stating he will uphold the doctrine of states right. Most southerners distrusted him. His victory in the election led to the withdrawal of eleven states from the south from the union leading to the formation of the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as its president. This was viewed by the US administrators as an act of treason. Hostilities were prompted in April of 1861 when the confederalists attacked a US military installation at fort summer in South Carolina prompting Lincoln to call for each state to volunteer an army. He declared these acts of secession as illegal and asked for 500,000 soldiers from the Congress to destroy what seemed to be a threatening and aggressive rebellion. This led to declaration of secession by four other states. In 1862 Lincoln emancipation declaration made ending slavery in the south the goal of the war. This was the principle of abolition. As a principle it was more than just the need to limit and abolish slavery. Slavery existed in the southern states and the federal government could not intervene as the constitution did not permit. Previously most northerners had favored a gradual and compensated scheme of slave emancipation but this was rejected by 1849 where they know demanded its immediate end every where. In 1807 external slave had been abolished making slave trade to be purely internal. The Dred Scott decision effectively limited the expansion of slavery in the US but the fugitive slave act that was subsequently passed declared slaves as properties. This led to hostilities between the southern states and the northern ones. Politicians in a bid to stem the feuds brought the compromise of 1850 and negotiated the status of territories gained after the Mexican- American war (1846-1848). This compromise was also aimed at maintaining the balance of power in Congress between leaders of slave states and those of Free states. It designated land, boundaries and processes by which a country could be slave state or a free state. Still, these compromises did not prevent divisions from growing. Opposition to the abolition movement in the south was strong due to several factors. The coexistence of the slavery south with the free states of the north was a recipe for disaster. Abraham Lincoln had not proposed any laws to curb slavery and most politicians were riding on the fence. Political feuds were a bout expanding slavery to the new territories of the west so as to enhance economic security of the south. These new territories were more likely to become Free states, a move that propelled southerners to embrace secessionism. Both leaders of the north and south used Thomas Jefferson ideas listed in his Kentucky resolutions to defend there hard line positions. Slavery indeed was the chief reason for secession. The southerners used state rights as a cover for defending slavery. They used this doctrine of a states right to base many of their grievances. The Constitution aimed at taking a middle ground by juggling the notion of a federal government with the freedom of individual states to govern them.  [3]   This doctrine to which the United States was founded became the basis for the South in its quest to block northerners from imposing anti-slavery laws to it. The support of secession was correlated to the number of plantations in the south and these were the regions that had more slave owners who had more than 100 slaves. To the southerners the notion of equality with blacks coupled with loss of economic prosperity was a worrisome matter. The north and south were different as the south had an agricultural economy based on slavery while the north had an industrial economy based on free labor and was an industrial power. The north had an abolitionist movement that which had a large membership and that was rapidly growing. This mounted a lot of fear to the southerners as the movement had the power and ability to cut down slave trade which would change their normal ways of life. States located at the border between Pennyslavia and Maryland had begun to proscribe slavery in the eighteenth century. This led to temperament and brewing sectional conflict leading to the Missouri compromise of 1850 where the northern leaders accepted into the Union a new slave state of Missouri, on condition that Maine, another state is a free territory. These are the major primary factors that precipitated the American civil war.  [4]   Conclusion The southern states were agricultural in nature. Hence they relied heavily on slavery as the main means of labor provision. This is what underpinned the high economic growth experienced by these states prior to the crush of the 1850s. Hence when the abolitionist was campaigning for equal rights and equality, these were viewed as a direct threat to there means of survival and wealth creation. The implication of slavery vibrated through the political, social and economic dimension in the relationship between the southern states and the northern states. Thus this was the primary reason for the civil war and these factors made the slide to the civil war inevitable.

Viewing The Crucible with a Feminist Lens Essays -- Arthur Miller 2014

To be seen and not heard; a quality shared by the inanimate object, and the conventional woman. Society has conformed women into accessories, and therefore, literature has followed suit. Inherent in this ideology, are many base traits attributed to women. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible exploits these traditional feminine characteristics to aid the female character in her role of complimenting the male. When observing something from an alternate perspective it can take on a whole new meaning. Studying novels from different lenses can seem as if you are reading a different work than the author intended. A feminist lens allows the reader to look past obvious themes in the novel for the implicit or concealed misogyny within. This lens â€Å"examines, interprets, and seeks to redress the marginalization of women through a critical response to literature, within the larger context of a male-dominated literary establishment.†(Boswell OL) When examining a work through a feminist lens a variety of components must be taken into account. The main objective is, of course, to analyze the portrayal of women. To do so adequately, however, one must explore gender roles, and therefore look into relations between male and female characters to see if they are equal. (Boswell OL) The purpose of feminist criticism is to reveal the patriarchal dogma of literature. Arthur Miller’s experiences with women are depicted through their roles in his plays. He is quoted as saying â€Å"I like the company of women. Life is boring without them†. This is fitting because he married one of the most interesting women in American history. Marilyn Monroe is a notorious sex symbol because she was objectified during her time as an actress. Her blond hair and pretty face easil... ...e Crucible, New Edition, Bloom's guides. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 3 May. 2012. Boswell, Marshall. "Feminist Literary Criticism." In Boswell, Marshall, and Carl Rollyson, eds. Encyclopedia of American Literature: The Contemporary World, 1946 to the Present, vol. 4, Revised Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 May. 2012. Marlow, Stuart. "Interrogating The Crucible: Revisiting the Biographical, Historical and Political Sources of Arthur Miller's Play" In Bloom, Harold, ed. The Crucible, New Edition, Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 May. 2012. Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Penguin Books,1976.

Populist Party’s Premature Fall into Obscurity Essay

Towards the end of the 19th Century, agricultural discontent was growing among the nation’s farmers. In the South, cotton that was selling for roughly 30 cents per pound after the Civil War was, at times, worth under six cents in the 1890’s. Wheat from the Midwest that had sold at $1.50 per bushel after the Civil War brought in 60 cents in the 1890’s. The nation’s agricultural base was tired of getting the raw deal from politicians, and finally made their voice heard through the Populist Party. When it first stepped onto the public stage, the party was very successful. However, the success was relatively short lived. While a number of factors contributed to the demise of the Populist Party, the failed election of 1896 played an integral role in its fall due to its inability to find a strong figurehead. The Populist Party formed from Alliances that had come from farm radicalism. Many of the Alliances were statewide, and most formed in the late 1870’s. Eventually, using the success of minor farm groups who had won elections, the Populist Party formed from southern and western farmers. Although there was a large group of northerners that was sympathetic to the party, it still tended to vote Republican. The party’s first convention, held in Omaha, Nebraska, brought in a variety of groups, including the Knights of Labor. The People’s (Populist) Party was trying to attract anyone and everyone to join its cause. General James B. Weaver of Iowa was nominated for President, and his running mate was a Confederate veteran. The party’s platform was very widespread, and it bordered on socialistic. The platform included graduated income tax,  national ownership of utilities, a subtreasury, and bimetallism. To please industrial workers, the party also advocated eight hour workdays, restriction of â€Å"undesirable† immigration, and it also shunned Pinkerton detectives. The party’s main supporters were still, however, the farmers. In order to raise prices on agricultural products, it supported unlimited coinage of silver, increasing the amount of money in circulation, and also allowing the holding of agricultural products off the market in times of low prices. In the 1860’s, the amount of silver it took to make a silver dollar was actually worth more than $1, which made coining the metal unprofitable. However, with the discovery of a large number of silver deposits in 1874, it again became plausible to coin the money. However, the Coinage Act of 1873 demonetized the metal and put the U.S. on the Gold Standard. This â€Å"Crime of ’73† infuriated inflationists and silver miners, who demanded a return to bimetallism. In 1878, the Bland-Allison Act made for the purchase of $2-4 million of silver per month, at market value. The government always bought the minimum, however, and this did very little to the economy. In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act required 4.5 million ounces of silver to be bought monthly, but even this was not enough to save the plummeting value of silver. As no one was happy with the compromises, Grover Cleveland repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in 1893, which reverted the country back to a gold standard, and caused the southern and western democrats to split from the party. These issues were still present for the election of 1896. The Democratic nomination for President, William Jennings Brian, was also supported by the Populists. While they feared losing their individual identity, they had no candidate of their own that could win the election. As a matter of fact, a pure Populist nominee would ensure McKinley’s election. In an attempt to preserve the party’s identity, the Populists nominated a vice-president separate from the Democrats’. Although Brian managed to win the South, the Plains states, and the Rocky Mountains, McKinley pulled out the rest, and won with 271 electoral votes to Bryan’s 176. Brian lost in the popular votes by fewer than 600,000 votes. The lost election spelled the end of the Populist Party. In addition to the lost presidential election, the party also lost many local and state elections. The South divided again, because their support of blacks went against their white supremacy beliefs, which caused a great rift. In addition, the western farmers’ agendas were quite different from those of the southerners, which caused another split in the already wounded party. It was just a matter of time before the party faded into obscurity. The Populist Party, while short-lived, did bring a number of issues to America’s attention. The silver debates, agricultural economy, and many other arguments brought forth by the populists were still argued after their demise following the Election of 1896. Without the populists, the gold standard may have remained longer, and we may have even retained it today. The populists challenged things everyday Americans took for granted, and taught us a valuable lesson. Things can be changed, and those changes, while hard to bring about, can be for the betterment of the entire nation.

Seven laws of teaching Essays

Seven laws of teaching Essays Seven laws of teaching Essay Seven laws of teaching Essay The book is a modern take on classic literature about learning dynamics and classroom management. The book tackles these subjects in the same way as its predecessor but incorporates modern adaptations to the matter. In the law of the teacher, the book is sensitive to current problems brought about by a lack of competent teachers in the public school system. It reestablishes the timeless line that â€Å"one cannot teach what one doesn’t know†. In the law of the learner, the book gives emphasis on the effects of media and popular culture and how teachers of the present should evolve with these trends in order to keep in touch with their student’s mindsets. It is argued that interest and attention must be culled by the teacher from the students by appealing to their present interests and relating subject matter to them. This gives the transition to the law of the lesson, where it was discussed that students have become alienated with classroom learning. This problem could be addressed by understanding student background and using it to the teacher’s advantage. Teachers should draw the beginning of each lesson out of learner’s experiences that could include popular music, television shows, and fashion and gaming trends. In the law of the language, issues on ESL learners and bilingualism were put into focus. It was explained that classroom diversity has expanded to a point that teachers cannot expect their students to be readily fluent with the English language. That being the case, teachers must make appropriate use of other tools of expression in order to get through to their students. In the law of the teaching process, modern concepts like student-centered learning were integrated to modern tools such as rubrics, portfolio, and other materials. In the law of the learning process, the advent of multiple intelligences was discussed within the context of achieving genuine learning. In the law of review and application, common day issues and concerns were addressed with emphasis on the usability of learned knowledge to modern life.

Freemen essays

Freemen essays Americans view of the world and our place in it has changed many times over. Our history is filled with significant dates that shaped our history, July 4, 1776, December 7, 1941, June 6, 1944, and most recently September 11, 2001. April 19, 1995 was such a date. That day, at approximately 9 a.m. a massive explosion destroyed most of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building in Oklahoma City. 167 people were killed in the explosion, which was caused by a bomb made of fertilizer that was placed in a rental truck. The arrest and later conviction of Timothy McVeigh helped to shed light on a new threat to Americans, homegrown militias. Modern Militias have become synonymous with fringe elements of society, and they are more often feared and dismissed as lunatics. The militia movement has affected practically every part of the country, some more than others. The west, it seems, has been particularly affected. In 1995 the relatively peaceful routine of the residents of Jordan, Montana was shattered by a standoff between a group known as the Montana Freemen and Federal authorities. Many thought that Jordan would become synonymous with places like Ruby Ridge, Idaho, and Waco, Texas. The standoff, however, remained peaceful, and the Montana Freemen surrendered on June 13, 1996. For some, there are many questions that are left unanswered, who were the Freemen, what did they believe, and why did they defy the government for so long? This paper will look at the Freemen organization and its leaders. I will look at the background of the group; its motivations, and the results of the standoff. More importantly, I will tackle the why. Why did the group issue threats against government officials, and why do they claim that the U.S. government is illegal? I will try and determine if these men are patriots or criminals. Two men, Rodney Skurdal and LeRoy Schweitzer, formed the Montana Freemen in the early 1990s....

Cross Culture Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cross Culture Management - Essay Example The proposition under discussion states that 'national culture' is of no significance in the communication skills needed by him. Communication between individuals is carried out through the medium of speech and/or writing, and both are once the inherent constituents and the inevitable outcomes of the culture of a people. An effective managerial quality that we would expect of our 'international manager' is great communication skills. In the light of these facts, we examine the extent of the validity of the statement under discussion. In a discussion of national culture, it is both useful and relevant to consider Hofstede's concept of national culture in the context of the milieu in which the present-day global manager functions. However, before a discussion of the constituent elements in Hofstede's concept of national culture, the qualities expected of an international manager, and his communication skills, it is necessary to clarify the nature of the environment in which he functions and how he has come to be where he is at present. The simple answer to this question is that he has come to be where he is at present because of globalisation. Globalisation 'Globalisation' has been a 'buzz-word' for quite some years now. Many scholars have used the term to describe the changing economic, political, cultural, and environmental scenarios that have occurred in the world during the last couple of decades or so. Different scholars have analysed globalisation through application of the tools and insights of various disciplines. In economics and business, globalisation has to do with the 'opening up of the frontiers', and the practice of "deregulation", in the Western world between 1980 and 1988 and the domination of the 'free market economy model'. Globalisation of the economy has implied free international trade, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology, and greater integration of financial markets. It has heralded greater interdependence of national economies, and been instrumental in bringing about the hegemony of the US in the world economy. International cultural movement that has followed g lobalisation, according to Hoodasthian, is 'westernisation'.1 Hoodasthian asserts that "westernization is responsible for the domination of English language in the world"2. This is an important statement in the context of the topic of our discussion. For, if in a 'globalised' world, the vehicle of communication is the English language, and when that language is part of the 'global culture', would it not follow that a 'local' or 'native' 'national culture' is indeed "of virtually no significance in relation to the communication skills needed by the modern" global manager, when that manager may happen to be an American or a British This aspect of the argument will be considered in a subsequent paragraph. In the next section, the discussion is about the concept of national culture in the context of

CISG Contract , Goodscan Contract Fact Pattern Assignment

CISG Contract , Goodscan Contract Fact Pattern - Assignment Example This condition applies if offeree gets the withdrawal before the offer or at the same time like the offer. Goodson is the offeror, in the case being analyzed, while Hospitex is the offeree. There is an offer from Goodscan to sell Hospitex five X-ray machines. A negotiator from Goodscan travels to Toronto to make an offer to the CEO of Hospitex. Terms of the offer are two hundred thousand Canadian dollars for 5 x-ray machines. Hospitex (offeree) accepts the offer but on a condition that Goodscan includes a clause stating that incase of any conflicts in future the two parties will use Canadian law to resolve it. It is evident there is an offer and an acceptance from the offeree, but there are additions that constitutes to a counter offer according since the offeree agree to the offer on condition that the clause is included (Ramberg 5). A mutual agreement refers to a contract that is agreeable to both parties. Article 29 clarifies that a mere agreement of both parties can be initiated to either modify or terminate a contract (Ramberg 6). The two parties agreeing to enter into an agreement are capable of performing specific duties of the contract against each other. Ramberg (6) says each of the both parties may be precluded by each other’s conduct from asserting certain provisions to a point whereby the other party has respectively relied on the other’s conduct respectively. Any contract can be a mutual contract, as long as it binds two parties. In this case, the contract between the two parties is mutualistic in that Goodscan should deliver the goods and the offeree (Hospitex) should pay the agreed fee to Goodscan. Both parties, according to the contract, have something to benefit from each other. Consideration is typically a concept of legal value in relation to contracts. It involves valuable goods promised to each other in a contract. It takes the form of physical objects,

Oder #315536 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oder #315536 - Essay Example Marital therapy is perhaps the best haven that people in distressed marital relationships can go to so as to help in the healing of their marriages. A skilled and experienced marital therapist provides support and assistance that can help doubtful detached partners to carefully deal with their problems and start the problem-solving and healing process (Parenting and Marital Advice 2009). Marriage is a continuous struggle to â€Å"relate intimately to another human being without being controlled or taken for granted† (Guerin, Fay, Burden & Kautto 1987, 3). It can be a good-humored effort that enhances both partners and cultivates their growth, or it can be a tedious effort, wherein one or both partners are persuaded that their emotional, as well as their physical, survival is threatened (Guerin et al. 1987). The objective of this study is to review and discuss concepts of marital relationship and therapy. First, the paper will discuss the notion of marital conflict and marital therapy. Then, two of the integral concepts in the conceptualization and treatment of relational and marital conflict, namely, loss and context/attachment history, will be discussed. Finally, the paper will discuss how marital therapists could integrate the concepts of attachment and separation anxiety in their treatment plans. Marital conflict has been defined as â€Å"situations in which partners experience communication and problem-solving difficulties, find it difficult to work together, and have difficulty accepting each other’s differences† (Mead 2002, 299). It has been discovered that troubled couples interchange lesser gratifying behaviors and more unsympathetic behaviors than do non-troubled couples, and this is valid for verbal communications and for the interchange of other types of reinforcements (Shaddock 2000). It has also been discovered that troubled partners are

Globalization Interconnectedness Past and Present Essay Example for Free

Globalization Interconnectedness Past and Present Essay We can go even a further back and argue that globalization, in the logic of a growth in interconnectedness between members of different states, is itself only a special case of something more universal. In medieval Europe most people for most-of the time stayed close to where they were born. They inspired mainly local goods and, primarily, produced either for themselves or for a very local market (Schlossberg H. 1992). Economies were mainly local. Trade over considerable distances took place on water either by sea or river, which accounts for the inconsistent number of towns and villages which were either by the sea or on rivers. Human beings seem to have had a steady urge to detach themselves from the area as much as the technology of the day permitted (J Gray 1992). Certainly there have always been big movements, sometimes of populations looking for better circumstances and of conquerors building empires. Under the Roman Empire, large parts of Europe were ‘globalizing’ in this sense and the degree of globalization declined with the Empire’s retreat. The medieval Church could be seen as several form of globalizing force but the degrees of interaction and interdependence were much reduced in the so-called Dark Ages (Thurow L 1996). Communications are also of significance in considering the ‘nationalization’ of different states. As communications enhanced (which before electronic communication meant, in fact, how fast people could travel), states had much more practical unity. This was mostly true of large states such as Canada and the United States where the railroad meant that people could travel between the major population centers, and numerous of the minor population centers, within two or three days as opposed to weeks. Markets then became national as an instant precursor to becoming international. These changes can all be measured parts of the same process (Herman E and McChesney R 1997). On this view, globalization is a trend which has been going on for centuries, which is undeniably continuing and might be accelerating. In this sense, the present period is not in itself novel. However, Scholte (1997) argues that there is more to globalization than this. For him globalization is not just communication on a global scale but deterritorialisation or superterritorialisation of numerous activities which formerly were tied to some terrain, not as a matter of an accident but as a matter of necessity. Thus, there is efficiently a global stock market. There are twenty-four hours trading in the world as a complete and traders in, say; the Tokyo markets keep a close eye on the London market on a real-time basis. There are differences. Tokyo is not just a postal (or e-mail) address of any implication but these differences are minor compared with the similarities or with the distinctions that existed even thirty years ago. It would most probably be possible to place all the worlds’ stock markets in a single place say on a South Sea island and it would make very little difference. It would perhaps make even less difference if this were to be done in twenty years’ time. (It might be a development. The traders might be so tempted by the sun and the good life that they would spend less time trading. Thus, trade less anxiously, and calm the often totally needless fluctuations in the various financial markets. ) On the other hand, certainly, all the traders could work from home. This is the point. The actual geographical location is trivial (Weiner E. 1992). Basically, Globalization is typically held to be inner to globalizing processes usually with the economic put up as the motor of globalization. This heaves questions not simply about the capability of the nation state to govern and the standing of national companies and economic interests but as well concerning what and who comprises civil society. As suggested by Robertson, the coexistence of nation state and civil society is busted by globalization. This offers the origin for an increase in the power of the market, but as well opens up diverse possibilities for globalize forms of sociality and practices, for what some term globalization from below (Robertson, R. 1992). Here, the connection between state and citizenship might be loosened with people playing a vigorous role in more global networks to address issues of communal concern. National governments become simply a partial focus is still influential for definite forms of popular involvement, as established by such groups as Greenpeace and definite humanitarian groups. Globalization consequently offers possibilities as well as intimidation to the extend of capitalist relations. On the one hand, for example, there is the feminization of labor where: †¦global assembly lines are ‘manned’ by women workers in free trade zones; subcontracted industrial home working is performed at kitchen tables by women who ‘have time on their hands’; home-based teleworking is carried out by women who can’t afford day-care costs and are grateful to have paid work (Manicom and Walters 1997:72). However, practices as well expand that convey together groups pretentious by economic reformation in new ways, such as trade unions support labor and community projects exterior their own national base. Likewise, information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be utilized by contradictory groupings. Affinity groups of ‘senior’ or retired citizens, feminist scholars, individuals who share knowledge on health afflictions, hobbyists, professionals, political organizations and many others are†¦using the Internet to educate, proselytise and organize, cutting across national boundaries with apparent ease. (Goodenow 1996:200) As notions of globalization both from below as well as from above help to reframe some of the varied potential within globalization, they as well present a explicit spatial association that seems to be set within specific binaries of above-below, power-resistance and domination liberation. In other words, this is an idea of globalization already included within specific politics, rather than, a reframing of the political and definitely a resistance to it. Conclusion Thus, to compete effectively, business organizations should develop a technology strategy. Moreover, as the concept of the globalization significantly extends this concept to government; not least by giving it an influential institutional framework, but does not significantly alter its function. The global economy does, though, stand in a different relation to the government since it is no longer neutral. It is still presented as apolitical, and is consequently still understood to be ‘economic’, but it has also become a normative and, certainly, normalizing, reality. The global economy functions in a different way with regard to the government; whilst movements in the world economy have long inclined economic policy within the government, the global economy presented as some new realism forces changes in national policy as a complete. This has the further significance, of forcing the government to distinguish between its proper function with regard to the global future and its function with regard to a sub-national, local past. Through the formation of the competition government, the homogeneity of the national economy though assumed in theory is cooperating in practice. The national private economy ceases to be believable as a homogenous unity and becomes a single but distinguished space. This has, certainly, always been the case, but the mobility of capital and the disintegration of the labor-intensive fordist production systems in the North has grinded the differences between regions of the similar government.

Problems With Standardized Testing Essay -- Standardized Testing Essay

In Standardized Testing and Its Victims, an article written for Education Week, Alfie Kohn states: Standardized testing has swelled and mutated, like a creature in one of those old horror movies, to the point that it now threatens to swallow our schools whole.... Our children are tested to an extent that is unprecedented in our history and unparalleled anywhere else in the world. While previous generations of American students have had to sit through tests, never have the tests been given so frequently, and never have they played such a prominent role in schooling. (1) Kohn accurately describes one of the main flaws in America’s education system: standardized testing. According to the article No Child Left Behind, legislation passed in 2002 requires schools to submit scores to the state every year for evaluation (1). Originally intended to be used for improvement, the scores of these annual assessments are overused and have become the sole representation of a school’s success. It is nearly impossible to create an advanced future by reforming schools based on an unreliable assessment tool. Standardized testing is an inaccurate measurement of a student’s abilities because it ignores other forms of aptitude, discriminates against certain students, and negatively affects education methods. Standardized testing piles an immense amount of pressure onto all parties involved. A report compiled by Joan L. Herman and Shari Golan entitled Effects of Standardized Testing on Teachers and Learning– Another Look explains the main causes of pressure from standardized testing. School districts use the scores to evaluate teachers and hold teachers accountable for the scores. Insufficient performance could endanger the teacher’s job and poten... ...a.edu/products/reports/Tech334.pdf Hicks, Molly G. â€Å"The Cons of Standardized Testing.† Standardized Testing. n.p., 2005. Web. 14 April 2012. http://astro.temple.edu/~mhicks/standardizedtestingcon.html â€Å"How Standardized Testing Damages Education.† Fairtest. n.p., 20 Aug 2007. Web. 17 April 2012. http://www.fairtest.org/facts/howharm.htm Kohn, Alfie. â€Å"Standardized Testing and Its Victims.† Education Week. Editorial Projects in Education, 27 Sep. 2000. Web. 15 April 2012. http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2000/09/27/04kohn.h20.html â€Å"No Child Left Behind.† Education Week. Editorial Projects in Education, 19 Sep. 2011. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. http://www.fairtest.org/facts/howharm.htm Young, Katie. â€Å"What’s So Bad About Standardized Testing?† Standardized Testing. Michigan State University, n.d. Web. 17 April 2012. https://www.msu.edu/~youngka7/cons.html

Humorous Wedding Toasts to the Newlyweds :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Toasts to the Newlyweds Learning to Love To the newlyweds, When you learn to love hell, you will be in heaven! Forsake Not Forsake not an old wife, for the new is not comparable to her. A new wife is as new wine: when she is old, thou shalt drink her with pleasure. A Clean Shirt Here’s that you may always have A clean shirt A clean conscience And a dollar in our pocket. Health and Prosperity Here’s to health and prosperity, To you and all your posterity. And them that doesn’t drink with sincerity, That they may be damned for all eternity! Diplomacy Getting married is like getting a masters degree in diplomacy. In just two short years you will develop the ability to tell your husband to go to hell, So that he will look forward to making the trip. Facing Problems Sooner or later, in every marriage, you will encounter problems: When this time comes, you must take the bull

Smed, Continuous Improvement Activity for Crank Changeove

GM INDIA POWERTRAIN PROJECT TRAINEE TOPIC SUMMARY Name of Trainee: SYAMLAL. A. R Qualification: Mechanical Engineering Institute: National Institute of Technology, Calicut Project Guide: Vinayak Angane Title of the project: SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die), continuous improvement activity for crank changeover process. Brief Description of the project: Use SMED techniques to reduce changeover time through system for crank machining to throughput simulation approved levels. Activities to be performed by trainee: * Update crank changeover board to reflect the current. Create and manage tracking sheet of changeover issues and countermeasures. * Measure changeover times by operation. * Get changeover within ‘OEM’ specified timing by end of project. Learning/Expectation of the trainee at the end of term: * Understand process of manufacturing crankshaft. * Understand how to implement continuous improvement process on shop floor. * SMED research and implementation. ACKNOWLED GEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to all the people in the General Motors Power Train department for helping me with my project.I would like to thank the Human resources managers who gave me an opportunity to undertake such a project in a world renowned company as General Motors. I would also like to thank all the operators who passed on all the knowledge that they could in two months to help me understand all the processes. They also helped me in various situations where it seemed that my project would come to a standstill, giving me exactly what I needed to go on. Next I would like to thank the each and every single person in the crank line who helped me and guided me in every step.They provided me with the resources and made suggestions that helped me improve and build a base for my ideas. I would also like to thank my fellow project trainee who had much more experience than me. He helped me to take off on my own path to completing the project with his valuable suggesti on and ideas. Above all I would like to thank him for being a very good friend at the hour of need. I cannot fail to mention the undying support of Mr Kisan Kapse, Mr Prashant Kurde and Mr Bharat Sawant who helped me in every stage of the project. They were of great help in difficult times.I am deeply in debt to them whose stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in times. Last but not the least I would like to thank my project guide Mr Vinayak Angane who looked closely throughout the project, correcting and offering suggestions for improvement. He took time off his busy schedule to explore me with alternate approaches to my problem and with ideas that could never have occurred to me on my own. INTRODUCTION The General Motors powertrain in Pune machines cam carrier, cylinder Head, cylinder block and crankshaft. GMI powertrain in Pune is a level IV flex plant.This power train plant is the one and only Level IV Flex plant in India. A level IV flex plant means that the plant can machine different types of the same component in the same machine. This is done by changing the die holding the component and also changing the program mentioning where to machine. My project revolves around the SMED of crankshaft. Some different parts constitute of the Cylinder block, Cylinder head & the Crankshaft. The crankshaft is the part of an engine which translates reciprocatinglinearpiston motion into rotation.Basically the crankshaft powers the engine. Crankshafts can be monolithic (made in a single piece) or assembled from several pieces. Monolithic crankshafts are most common, but some smaller and larger engines use assembled crankshafts. The different types of crank made in GM Powertrain Talegeon plant are 1. 0 xSDE, 1. 2 BDOHC, 1. 3 xSDE and 1. 4 BDOHC. SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) is a method for rapidly and efficiently converting a process from running the current product to running the next product. SMED is also often referred to a Quick Changeover.The SMED method can, and often is, used in starting up a process and rapidly getting it to running condition with minimum waste of time. SETUP CHANGE / CHANGEOVER Setup change/ Changeover is preparation, execution of activities in work station which includes hardware changes, sometimes software changes e. g. : locator centres, chuck jaws, steady program calling etc. to produce good to good parts. Change over time is defined as the time difference of the last product produced and the next new product produced with the right quality and at the right speed. The production capacity of a plant is determined by the changeover time.Unless the changeover time is reduced to the bottleneck the production can’t meet the target Production sites with long setup times are characterised by * Low flexibility of the component * Large batch sizes * High levels of stock If we decrease the setup change time then we could use the extra capacity either to increase productivity or to decrease the batch sizes. There are many benefits likereduction in lead time and therefore increased, improved and faster delivery, higher productivity and therefore satisfying customer needs faster, Reduction in working capital, less disturbances etc.SINGLE MINUITE EXCHANGE OF DIE (SMED) The process of changing die is called Single Minute Die Exchange (SMED). Single-Minute Exchange of Die  (SMED) is one of the many  lean production  methods for reducing waste in a manufacturing process. It provides a rapid and efficient way of converting a manufacturing process from running the current product to running the next product. This rapid changeover is the key to reducing production lot sizes and thereby improving flow. The phrase â€Å"single minute† does not mean that all changeovers and start-ups should take only one minute, but that they should take less than 10 minutes.In short it should be a single digit number. The different features of SMED are: * It is a systematic approach that decr eases disturbances and problems * The main factor that can lead to its success are team work & creativity * SMED methods are used for exchange of dies, but it can also be used for cleaning and for maintenance purposes. IMPORTANCE OF REDUCING CHANGEOVER TIME Reducing changeover time is like adding capacity, increasing profitability and can help most manufacturers gain a competitive edge.Image a pit crew changing the tires on a race car. Team members pride themselves on reducing changeover by even tenths of a second because it means that their driver is on the road faster and in a better position to win. The same philosophy applies to manufacturing – the quicker you are producing the next scheduled product, the more competitive you are. Reducing changeover times is a fundamental requirement of any company to take lead over the other in production and maintaining top position.By understanding the principles and practices of the SMED system organisations will be able to cut chang eovers by over 50% with very little expenditure, and to single minutes with the modification of tooling and fastening systems. Single Minute Exchange of Dies can be applied to any changeover operation and aims to reduce the overall downtime for a complete changeover to less than nine minutes. An understanding of the operational benefits to be gained from the fast exchange of tooling. The interaction of a multi-disciplined workforce constructively looking to eliminate waste from the changeover process.How unstable setups can adversely affect subsequent operations and how standard operating procedure can eliminate these concerns. A team approach in understanding the methodology used in applying SMED through theoretical explanation and practical involvement in actual changeovers. SMED IMPLEMENTATION To successfully implement SMED in a system is a difficult task. Therefore to successfully guarantee the implementation of the process, the following steps should be followed closely. STEP 1 – FOCUS * Start by choosing the right equipment to start with. . This is normally a bottle-neck with long set-up times STEP 2 – BUILD THE RIGHT TEAM Work cross-functional. Operators, Technicians, Engineers and Managers should worktogether STEP 3 – MEASURE AND SET GOALS * Visualize the present situation and agree on a common goal STEP 4 – 5S * To succeed you will need a clean and well organized work-place. A 5S implementation is recommended. This process will be explained in detail as we move ahead. STEP 5 – ANALYSIS * Keenly observe the operations and processes. Analyze the present situation video-technique. The different moments are classified as being external or internal and waste or not waste. All known disturbances are listed as well.STEP 6 – SEPARATION BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MOMENTS * The purpose is to secure that all external set-ups are performed when the machine is running. Use checklists, function controls and improved tran sports. For example collect necessary tools and consumables before the next operation starts up or sharp the tools before activity starts. STEP 7 – ELIMINATION OF WASTE * Measures are carried out to reduce all types of waste. This includes: * Elimination of all need for adjustments. * Exchange of bolts for quick-fasteners. * Standardized parts, tools, dimensions Need for quality control STEP 8 – FOLLOW UP AND IMPROVE * Each changeover should be so planned that it is better and faster than the previous one. Each changeover should be analysed and properly documented which includes suggestion that could make it faster THE 5S SYSTEM â€Å"5S† is a method to create a safer, cleaner, and better-organized workplace. The five S in the process stand for: * SET IN ORDER The principle here is to keep things in their proper places. One guide to proper placement is to keep frequently-used items handy, and store other things where they can be found.In reference to a workplace , it means: At present the tools required for the changeover process are stored in red tool carts and the carts are kept in a specific location for easy access. The tool carts are rolled to the machine where changeover is taking place at the required time. SORT Every tool which is used for a changeover process must be tagged and identified properly. All the operators involved in the changeover must be aware of the location and purpose of the tool. SHINY CLEAN This is the exception – the only one-time activity in the 5S method. This stage has two goals: Determine and gain agreement on the desired level of cleanliness * Learn how to make new routines so this will become standardized STANDARDIZED CLEANUP In this phase consider the sources of dirt: air-borne dust; sawdust or other dry powder from cutting operations; splatter from wet processes; or simple trash because there is no proper container. A practical target is to have all workers take five minutes every day to tidy up af ter themselves – including the time to complete and sign the checklists. Supervisors should monitor compliance with the clean-up. The checklists make this both important and achievable.SUSTAIN This phase is perhaps the most important concept that includes instilled discipline, self-discipline, common cultural values, and self-motivated practice to improve. This step requires continued management support and communication. It brings out the leadership qualities of the employees and also improves their human values too. All these activities should be followed up on a regular basis with full commitment and hard work from all operators as well as managers for SMED to be a success. ACTIVITIES PERFORMED * Understood process of manufacturing crankshaftUnderstood the process of manufacturing crankshaft with the process flow of current status and different machines involved. * Understood activities performed by different machines OP 10:Machine: HELLER * Mill the lengths * Centring * O rbital and hollow milling OP 20:Machine: HELLER * Rough milling of mains/pins incl. * Counter weights and incl. * Rough diameter of mains and pins OP 25:Machine: HELLER * Broaching of mains and journals OP 30:Machine: HELLER * Outer Diameter milling of pins OP 40 (A & B):Machine: NTC * Drill and camphor oil holes OP 50:Machine: ELOTHERM * Washing Hardening (only for xSDE) * Tempering (only for xSDE) OP 60:Machine: HEGENSCHIEDL * Deep rolling * Strengthening OP 70:Machine: NTC * Recenter both ends OP 80:Machine: NILES-SIMMONS * Finish turning * Thrust face and hub outer diameter and post end shoulder * Post process measuring OP 100 (A & B):Machine: LANDIS * Grinding mains and pins OP 110 (A & B):Machine: NTC * Ream index holes * Milling keyway * Machine reluctor ring holes and flange holes OP 120:Machine: ROBOTIC * Brush * Check oil holes OP 140:Machine: LANDIS * Grinding Flange and post ends OP 160:Machine: SCHENK BALANCE Balancing OP 170:Machine: SUP FINA * Polish mains and pins * Thrust face and flange outer diameter (2 stations) OP 180:Machine: FINE TEC * Wash and dry OP 190:Machine: HOMMEL * Final inspection (2 stations) OP 200:Machine: MANUAL * Manual assembly of dowel pin SMED FOR CRANKSHAFT CHANGEOVER My project revolves around the changeover process in the crankshaft line. My project activities can be divided into the following: * Documentation of the changeover process for the entire crankshaft line. * Identified and separated internal and external activities for the changeover process. To define separate activities for different operators. My activity here consists of reducing changeover time. TO REDUCE CHANGEOVER TIME USING SMED TECHNIQUES The steps involved in reducing the changeover tie using this method are: 1. Observe the current methodology 2. Document it appropriately 3. Separate the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL activities. Internal activities are those that can only be performed when the process is stopped, while External activities can be done whil e the last batch is being produced, or once the next batch has started.Make sure it is properly documented. 4. Do most of the activities to be done during the changeover to be done when the previous batch is being done or while the buffer is running. 5. Try to simplify each and every process. 6. The procedure as well as the measures taken to simplify the timings should be well documented and easily accessible. 7. Keep a standard improvement percentage for each new changeover. Teamwork, meaning several operators sharing changeover operations in order to minimize the stop time is also scarce.As changeovers take time, cause productivity loss and carry costs, the temptation is to dilute them in changing less often by launching bigger batches. This policy ends up with higher inventories and lower agility for the production. Documented the current changeover process The machine is usually stopped and all changeover operations happen in sequence, while the machine is stopped. The machine w ill start again only after completion of adjustments and trials. Most often all these operations are done without any standard method nor procedures or checklists.This means the changeover sequence, and hence its duration is related to individual know-how, skills and habits. During this stage: * Agreed on the start and end of the changeover * Observed the changeover * Recorded ALL observations * Organized it and created changeover table * Record times for each element The time required for each individual steps were measured and added to the table for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30 and OP 40. Recorded and organized all observations for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30, OP 40, OP 60, OP 70, OP 80, OP 100 and OP 160 and created a table as follows:Separated INTERNAL and EXTERNAL activities Another important process is separating the internal and external activities performed during changeover. This is a serious procedure which must be done with a lot of care, which will help in the reduction of changeover tim e. During this stage: * Identified whether each step in the changeover is ‘internal’ or ‘external’ * INTERNAL activities are those which can be performed only when the machine is stopped (e. g. : removing or clamping jaws) * EXTERNAL activities are those which can occur while the machine is running (e. g. returning tools to storage after use and bringing new tools to the machine) * Separated each step involved in changeover to internal and external Separated activities for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30, OP 40, OP 60, OP 70, OP 80, OP 100 and OP 160 and added in the same table. Different external activities consist of: * Having everything prepared before stopping the machine (checklists) * Any preheating, pre-cleaning, presetting that could be completed * Standardizing changeover parts with attachments/improvements to help speed up centering and securing * Cleaning and keeping new changeover parts to be changedDefined activities for both team members During the next p hase of the project, I defined activities for both the team members involved in the changeover, i. e. the steps that must be performed by first operator and second operator were classified. The thought of parallel operations leads mainly to the following features: * Two or more people doing different jobs at the same time (e. g. : while first operator removing tool, second one bringing tool trolley in position in case of OP 20) Two people working together on one operation (e. g. : Both the operators changing over OP 40 A and OP 40 B simultaneously Others * Recorded the different tools and the auxillary equipments required to complete the changeeover * The different tools used in every step of changeover were noted down. * Bolt size of different allen screws were recorded * Auxillary equipments needed such as torque wrench, ratchet etc. were added in the same tabe * Organized changeover parts in the part trolleyAs part of the implementation of 5S system, inorder to reduce the part se arching time, each and every part involved in the changeover process were photographed. These photos were stick inside the machine tool trolley and hence the part searching time was reduced. * Improving location labeling to make items easier to find * Organized changeover parts in part trolley with photos having part number and part name on them * Hence reducing the time required for accessing the correct part * Deskilling and avoiding confusion SAMPLE PICTURE * The photographs were stick inside the tool trolley For different models, differents racks were provided so as to avoid confusion * In one rack, the space wasseparated inorder to fit to all the parts to be changed over All the above processes helped in reducing the part searching time and also worked as an alternate checklist. Also created a chelist of different parts to be changed for different operations. * Measured changeover time by station * Plotted graph with comparison of actual time taken by station for changeover to simulation * Plotted graph for total time taken for changeover for OP 20 to OP 180 Plotted graph for time taken to changeover from model 1. 0 to 1. 2 for OP 20 to OP 180 * Plotted graph for time taken to changeover from model 1. 0 to 1. 2 for OP 20 to OP 180 Suggestions * Providing power tool for all loosening and tightening processes instead of Allen key * Power tool will reduce about: 15 min for OP 20 3 min for OP 25 9 min for OP 30 * OP 40 * Changeover both OP 40 A and OP 40 B simultaneously * Reduce machine lockout time by making bed flush valve in action which was not noticed earlier * Hence solved problem of chips getting stuck in burr OP 60 * Get power tool * Change the tool tray (boxes) in which rollers are placed * Arrange rollers in boxes in same order that they are to be used * Stick colour codes on box also * Make arrangement loosen minimum number of bolts and adjust measuring probe * Provide power tool for OP 80 will reduce approximately 4 min * OP 160 * Provide a plast ic kit (box) with separations which can be taken and placed inside the machine through the side door which makes the operator not to lean in and out of machine each and every time * Bearing seal on the extreme is not used for 1. xSDE which is not required to be mounted * OP 10, OP 50, OP 70, OP 100, OP 110, OP 120 and OP 180 are already changed over in time or about time CONCLUSION At the end of the project, I was able to understand process of manufacturing crankshaft, different machines used in crank line and their uses, what is changeover and its use in the plant, advantages and disadvantages of changeover and importance of reducing changeover time. As a preliminary step to the project, I studied the basic idea of SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) and 5S techniques.Found out how SMED techniques can be used to reduce changeover time. During the project, I documented the whole process step by step for changeover for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30, OP 40, OP 60, OP 70, OP 80, OP 100 and OP 1 60. Organized these steps and created a changeover procedure table. Defined activities for both the team members involved in the changeover in the same table. Separated internal and external activities occurring during changeover and marked it in the changeover procedure table. Time taken for each step in the same table was also recorded (for OP 20, OP 25, OP 30 and OP 40).Reduced machine lockout time for OP 40 by making bed flush valve in action which was not noticed earlier and hence solved the problem of chips getting stuck in the burr and making the cleaning process long and difficult. The changeover parts in the part trolley were organized with the help of photos having part number and part name. Measured changeover time by station and plotted graphs: * Comparison of actual time taken by station for changeover with simulation time (For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 7 changeovers) * Total time taken for changeover by stations For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 7 changeovers) * Time taken f or changing over from 1. 0 xSDE to 1. 2 BDOHC (For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 4 changeovers) * Time taken for changing over from 1. 2 BDOHC to 1. 0 xSDE (For OP 20 to OP 180 for last 5 changeovers) Updated crank changeover board to reflect current by updating different graphs required and action plan. The process to implement continuous improvement on shop floor was understood and perfected. Different steps to decrease the time taken for changeover process and to bring it under OEM specified timing was suggested.